PartialFunction的lift方法的逆

Question

PartialFunction的lift方法将PartialFunction转换为返回Option结果的Function。

是否存在将Function1[A, Option[B]]转换为PartialFunction[A, B]的反向操作

Answer 1

不是在库中，但它很容易构建。然而，isDefinedAt将不得不全面评估函数，使其比典型的通过模式匹配构建的部分函数更昂贵，还可能导致不想要的副作用。

scala> def unlift[A, B](f : (A => Option[B])) = new PartialFunction[A,B] {
     |    def isDefinedAt(x : A) = f(x).isDefined
     |    def apply(x : A) = f(x).get
     | }
unlift: [A,B](f: (A) => Option[B])java.lang.Object with PartialFunction[A,B]
scala> def f(x : Int) = if (x == 1) Some(1) else None
f: (x: Int)Option[Int]
scala> val g = unlift(f)
g: java.lang.Object with PartialFunction[Int,Int] = <function1>
scala> g.isDefinedAt(1)
res0: Boolean = true
scala> g.isDefinedAt(2)
res1: Boolean = false
scala> g(1)
res2: Int = 1
scala> g(2)
java.util.NoSuchElementException: None.get
    at scala.None$.get(Option.scala:262)
    at scala.None$.get(Option.scala:260)
    at $anon$1.apply(<console>:7)
    at scala.Function1$class.apply$mcII$sp(Function1.scala:39)
    at $anon$1.apply$mcII$sp(<console>:5)
    at .<init>(<console>:9)
    at .<clinit>(<console>)
    at RequestResult$.<init>(<console>:9)
    at RequestResult$.<clinit>(<console>)
    at RequestResult$scala_repl_result(<console>)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
    at scala.tools.nsc.Interpreter$Request$$anonfun$loadAndRun$1$$anonfun$apply$17.apply(Interpreter.scala:988)
    at scala.tools....

纯粹主义者可能还会用try/catch块包装isDefinedAt，以便在异常时返回false。

Answer 2

很难从一系列scala名人中获得所有这些优秀的答案，但如果您想了解标准库中的答案，可以在scala.Function伴生对象中找到它。(在2.9中。)

/** Turns a function `A => Option[B]` into a `PartialFunction[A, B]`.  Important note:
 *  this transformation implies the original function will be called 2 or more
 *  times on each logical invocation, because the only way to supply an implementation
 *  of isDefinedAt is to call the function and examine the return value.
 *
 *  @param   f    a function T => Option[R]
 *  @return       a partial function defined for those inputs where
 *                f returns Some(_) and undefined where f returns None.
 *  @see PartialFunction#lift
 */
def unlift[T, R](f: T => Option[R]): PartialFunction[T, R] = new PartialFunction[T, R] {
  def apply(x: T): R = f(x).get
  def isDefinedAt(x: T): Boolean = f(x).isDefined
  override def lift: T => Option[R] = f
}

Answer 3

为了用一个更复杂的例子来构建James的答案，我在我的东西库- the -Scala- library -forgot(或者不信任-you- with )中有以下代码：

class DroppedFunction[-A,+B](f: A => Option[B]) extends PartialFunction[A,B] {
  private[this] var tested = false
  private[this] var arg: A = _
  private[this] var ans: Option[B] = None
  private[this] def cache(a: A) {
    if (!tested || a != arg) {
      tested = true
      arg = a
      ans = f(a)
    }
  }        
  def isDefinedAt(a: A) = {
    cache(a)
    ans.isDefined
  }
  def apply(a: A) = {
    cache(a)
    ans.get
  }
}
class DroppableFunction[A,B](f: A => Option[B]) {
  def drop = new DroppedFunction(f)
}
implicit def function_is_droppable[A,B](f: A => Option[B]) = new DroppableFunction(f)

大部分代码用于确保函数求值被缓存(只要apply紧跟在isDefinedAt之后)。使用示例：

scala> val f = (x: Int) => if (x>=0) Some(x) else None
f: (Int) => Option[Int] = <function1>

scala> Array(-2,-1,0,1,2).collect(f.drop)
res0: Array[Int] = Array(0, 1, 2)

缓存有助于加快速度并避免双重副作用问题(至少在apply之前使用isDefinedAt时，以及函数在返回None时忽略副作用时)。