Python -从文件夹中的所有文件中删除重音

Question

我正在尝试删除文件夹中所有编码文件中的所有重音..我已经成功地构建了文件列表，问题是当我尝试使用unicodedata进行标准化时，我得到了错误：** Traceback (最近一次调用)：文件"/usr/lib/gedit-2/plugins/pythonconsole/console.py"，第336行，在self.namespace文件的__run执行命令中""，第2行，在UnicodeDecodeError中：'utf8‘编解码器无法解码位置25中的字节0xf3 :无效的继续字节**

if options.remove_nonascii:
    nERROR = 0
    print _("# Removing all acentuation from coding files in %s") % (options.folder)
    exts = ('.f90', '.f', '.cpp', '.c', '.hpp', '.h', '.py'); files=set()
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(options.folder):
        for filename in (f for f in filenames if f.endswith(exts)):
            files.add(os.path.join(dirpath,filename))   
    for i in range(len(files)):
        f = files.pop() ;
        os.rename(f,f+'.BACK')
        with open(f,'w') as File:
            for line in open(f+'.BACK').readlines():
                try:
                    newLine = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',unicode(line)).encode('ascii','ignore')
                    File.write(newLine)
                except UnicodeDecodeError:
                    nERROR +=1
                    print "ERROR n %i - Could not remove from Line: %i" % (nERROR,i)
                    newLine = line
                    File.write(newLine)

Answer 1

看起来该文件可能是用cp1252编解码器编码的：

In [18]: print('\xf3'.decode('cp1252'))
ó

unicode(line)失败是因为unicode尝试使用utf-8编解码器来解码line，因此出现了错误UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf8' codec can't decode...。

您可以先尝试使用cp1252解码line，如果失败，请尝试utf-8：

if options.remove_nonascii:
    nERROR = 0
    print _("# Removing all acentuation from coding files in %s") % (options.folder)
    exts = ('.f90', '.f', '.cpp', '.c', '.hpp', '.h', '.py'); files=set()
    for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(options.folder):
        for filename in (f for f in filenames if f.endswith(exts)):
            files.add(os.path.join(dirpath,filename))   
    for i,f in enumerate(files):
        os.rename(f,f+'.BACK')
        with open(f,'w') as fout:
            with open(f+'.BACK','r') as fin:
                for line fin:
                    try:
                        try:
                            line=line.decode('cp1252')
                        except UnicodeDecodeError:
                            line=line.decode('utf-8')
                            # If this still raises an UnicodeDecodeError, let the outer
                            # except block handle it
                        newLine = unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',line).encode('ascii','ignore')
                        fout.write(newLine)
                    except UnicodeDecodeError:
                        nERROR +=1
                        print "ERROR n %i - Could not remove from Line: %i" % (nERROR,i)
                        newLine = line
                        fout.write(newLine)

顺便说一下,

unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',line).encode('ascii','ignore')

有点危险。例如，它完全删除了u‘²’和一些引号：

In [23]: unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',u'ß').encode('ascii','ignore')
Out[23]: ''

In [24]: unicodedata.normalize('NFKD',u'‘’“”').encode('ascii','ignore')
Out[24]: ''

如果这是一个问题，那么使用unidecode module

In [25]: import unidecode
In [28]: print(unidecode.unidecode(u'‘’“”ß'))
''""ss

Answer 2

您可能希望在使用unicode(line)时指定编码，例如unicode(line，'utf-8')

如果您不知道，sys.getfilesystemencoding()可能是您的朋友。