想知道如何输出我在《经济学人》杂志上看到的图表

Question

我在最近的一位经济学家中看到了这一点，我想知道是否有人有代码可以帮助使用ggplot复制它。Economist Chart

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谢谢!

Answer 1

我只是使用了一些基本的绘图功能。这就是结果：

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下面是生成它的代码：

bigmacprice <- data.frame(
    country = c("Switzerland", "Brazil", "Euro area",
        "Canada", "Japan", "United States",
        "Britain", "Singapore", "South Korea",
        "South Africa", "Mexico", "Thailand",
        "Russia", "Malaysia", "China"),
    price = c(6.78, 5.26, 4.79, 4.18, 3.91, 3.71,
              3.63, 3.46, 3.03, 2.79, 2.58, 2.44,
              2.39, 2.25, 2.18)
)


plotbigmac <- function(mac, base = "United States", xlim = c(-40, 100)) {
    mac <- mac[order(mac$price),]
    base = which(mac$country == base)
    height <- (mac$price / mac[base, "price"] - 1) * 100
    par(bg = "#d0e0e7", col.main = "#262324", col.axis = "#393E46",
        mar = c(8, 8, 6, 6), las = 1)
    barplot(height, width = .1, space = .4,
        names.arg = mac$country, #cex.names = .8,
        col = "#01516c", border = "#7199a8", # border = "#577784",
        horiz = TRUE, xlim = c(-40, 100), axes = FALSE)
    axis(3, lty = 0)
    title(main = "Bunfight\nBig Mac index", col = "#393E46")

    abline(v = seq(-100, 100, 10), col = "white", lwd = 2)
    abline(v = 0, col = "#c8454e", lwd = 2)
    par(xpd = TRUE)
    for (i in 1:nrow(mac)) {
        rect(105, (i - 1) / 7, 118, i / 7 - 0.05,
        col = "white", border = "#7199a8")
        text(112, (i - 1) / 7 + 0.05, mac$price[i], cex = 0.8, col = "#393E46")
    }
    rect(-120, 2.5, -90, 3, col = "#c8454e", border = "#c8454e")
    text(-68, -.2, "Sources:", col = "#393E46")
    text(-64, -.3, "McDonald's;", col = "#393E46")
    text(-60, -.4, "The Economist", col = "#393E46")
}

plotbigmac(bigmacprice)

它可能不完全匹配(例如，我不知道如何在不直接调用文本的情况下右对齐)，如果你试图调整它的大小，文本会跳来跳去，所以你必须进一步调整参数来满足你的需要。但它表明，在R中只使用基本的绘图功能是可以做到的。

编辑:正如所评论的，白色条纹横跨条形图。这是不可避免的，并且不能通过再次调用barplot来调整，因为这将重新绘制绘图区域。因此，我们必须看一眼barplot的源代码，并为此对其进行定制(喜欢在R中实现这一点是多么容易)。但现在我们已经超越了R中的comfy基础(即使用内置的barplot)。这是另一个尝试：

plotBigMac <- function(mac, base = "United States") {
    old.par <- par(no.readonly = TRUE)
    on.exit(par(old.par))
    # Create data:
    mac <- mac[order(mac$price),]
    base = which(mac$country == base)
    height <- (mac$price / mac[base, "price"] - 1) * 100
    # Costume 'barplot'
    NN <- length(height)
    width <- rep(1, length.out = NN)
    delta <- width / 2
    w.r <- cumsum(width + 0.5)
    w.m <- w.r - delta
    w.l <- w.m - delta
    xlim <- c(range(-.01 * height, height)[1], 100)
    ylim <- c(min(w.l), max(w.r))
    par(bg = "#d0e0e7", col.main = "#262324", col.axis = "#393E46",
        mar = c(8, 8, 6, 6), las = 1, cex = 0.9)
    plot.new()
    plot.window(xlim, ylim)
    abline(v = seq(-100, 100, 20), col = "white", lwd = 2)
    rect(0, w.l, height, w.r, col = "#01516c", border = "#7199a8", lwd = 1)

    # Lines and axis
    abline(v = 0, col = "#c8454e", lwd = 2)
    axis(3, axTicks(3), abs(axTicks(3)), lty = 0)
    axis(2, labels = mac$country, at = w.m, lty = 0)

    # Move outside of plot area
    par(xpd = TRUE)

    # Text misc.
    text(5, (w.l[base] + w.r[base]) / 2, "nil", font = 3)
    text(8, w.r[NN] + 2.3, "+")
    text(-8, w.r[NN] + 2.3, "-")

    # Create price boxes:
    rect(105, w.l, 125, w.r,
        col = "white", border = "#7199a8", lwd = 1)
    text(115, (w.r + w.l)/2, mac$price, cex = 0.8, col = "#393E46")

}

这将创建以下内容：

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Answer 2

latticeExtra包有一个模仿The Economist杂志的主题，这应该是一个很好的开始。

然而，这使用了lattice，而现在所有的孩子都在叫嚣着要ggplot2……

Answer 3

我认为实现R图形精确排版的最好(最快、最简单)方法是使用基本的R函数来生成主要细节(在本例中使用geom_bar或基本图形barplot)，然后将绘图保存到SVG文件中。在您最喜欢的编辑包中打开SVG (Inkscape每次使用它都会给我留下更深刻的印象)，然后在那里进行最终的排版。

然后你可以做一些事情，比如抓取一个图例并移动它，删除元素，以任何字体在任何地方添加任何格式的文本等等。