blocks|key|1351034|text|对象文件可以包含一堆东西:基本上，它是以下列表的一部分或全部：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1351035|1351036|Symbol命名|unordered-list-item|1351037|编译代码|1351038|常量数据，例如。strings|1351039|Imports+-编译代码引用的符号(由linker)|1351040|Exports修复-目标文件向其他目标文件提供的符号。|1351041|1351042|链接器将一堆目标文件转换为可执行文件，方法是匹配所有导入和导出，并修改编译后的代码，以便调用正确的函数。|1351043|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|C|3|D|5|E|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|E|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|E|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|E|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|E|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$]]

Object files can contain a bunch of stuff: Basically it's some or all of the list below:

<ul>
<li>Symbol Names</li>
<li>Compiled code</li>
<li>Constant data, eg. strings</li>
<li>Imports - which symbols the compiled code references (gets fixed up by linker)</li>
<li>Exports - which symbols the object file makes available to OTHER object files.</li>
</ul>

The linker turns a bunch of object files into an executable, by matching up all the imports and exports, and modifying the compiled code so the correct functions get called.

blocks|key|2171386|text|有几种标准化的格式(COFF，Unix上的ELF+)，基本上它们是用于可执行文件的相同格式的变体，但缺少一些信息。这些缺失的信息将在链接时完成。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2171387|对象文件格式基本上包含相同的信息：|2171388|编译产生的|2171389|二进制代码(用于程序的该部分使用的目标processor)|unordered-list-item|2171390|static数据(如常量字符串等)。您可以在BSS+(导出数据)和文本(不会被程序修改的数据)之间做更细微的区分。但这对于编译器和链接器来说是最重要的。注意，与二进制代码类似，数据也依赖于目标(大端、小端、32位、由程序的这一部分导出的符号的64bits).|2171391|tables+(主要是函数入口点))|2171392|由程序的这一部分使用的外部符号表|2171393|2171394|当将对象链接在一起时，引用外部符号的代码部分将被实际的值替换(好吧，这仍然过于简化，在运行程序时将在加载时完成最后一部分，但这就是我们的想法)。|2171395|目标文件还可能包含解析导入和导出所需的更多符号信息(对于调试非常有用)。可以使用strip命令删除该信息。|2171396|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|J|5|H|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|H|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|H|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|S|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|T|3|-4|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|U|$]]

There are several standardized formats (COFF, ELF on Unix), basically they are variants of the same formats that those used for executables but missing some informations. These missing informations will be completed when linking.
Objects files formats basically contains the same informations:
<ul>
<li>binary code resulting of compilation (for a target processor)</li>
<li>static data used by that part of the program (like constant strings, etc). You can make a finer distinction between BSS (exported data) and Text (data that won't be modified by the program). But that is mostly important for compiler and linker. Note that like binary code, data are also dependant on target (big-endian, little-endian, 32bits, 64bits).</li>
<li>tables of symbols exported by this part of the program (mostly functions entry points)</li>
<li>tables of external symbols used by this part of the program</li>
</ul>
When objects will be linked together the parts of the code that refers to external symbols will be replaced by actual values (well, that is still oversimplified, there is a last part that will be done at loading time when running the program, but that's the idea).
The object file may also contain more symbols information that strictly necessary for resolving imports and export (useful for debug). That information can be removed using the strip command.

blocks|key|3578056|text|首先阅读wiki+page。您可以使用来检查这样的文件:)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3578057|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_file^0|4|9|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

First read the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_file" rel="noreferrer">wiki page</a>. You can use <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Objdump" rel="noreferrer">objdump</a> to examine such a file :)

blocks|key|3577953|text|使用file命令来执行类似这样的操作。它是现代Linux系统上的一个ELF对象文件。例如，如果为32位x86编译的话。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3577954|ELF+32-bit+LSB+relocatable,+Intel+80386,+version+1+(SYSV),+not+stripped|code-block|syntax|javascript|3577955|相比之下，动态链接的可执行文件可能如下所示：|3577956|ELF+32-bit+LSB+executable,+Intel+80386,+version+1+(SYSV),+dynamically+linked+(uses+shared+libs),+for+GNU/Linux+2.6.15,+not+stripped|3577957|要查看标题，包括节名，您可以使用：|3577958|objdump+-x+any_name.o|3577959|要拆卸，请执行以下操作：|3577960|objdump+-d+any_name.o|3577961|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format^0|Y|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@$A|13|B|14|1|15]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|F|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|F|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|S|3|T|5|F|7|1C|8|@]|9|@]|C|$G|H]]|$1|U|3|-4|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|V|$W|$5|X|Y|Z|C|$10|11]]]]

Use the file command for things like this. It's an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" rel="noreferrer">ELF</a> object file on a modern Linux system. E.g. if compiled for 32-bit x86.

<pre><code>ELF 32-bit LSB relocatable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), not stripped
</code></pre>

In contrast, a dynamically linked executable might look like:

<pre><code>ELF 32-bit LSB executable, Intel 80386, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.15, not stripped
</code></pre>

To see headers, including section names, you can use:

<pre><code>objdump -x any_name.o
</code></pre>

To disassemble:

<pre><code>objdump -d any_name.o
</code></pre>

blocks|key|2171533|text|首先，二进制文件可以打开！不要害怕，你只需要正确的工具！作为二进制数据，文本编辑器当然不是正确的工具；正确的工具可以是十六进制编辑器，或者像emacs这样的高级编辑器，或者是一种工具，它不是简单地以“十六进制”表示“输出”字节，让您单独解释数据，而是知道特定的格式并在某种程度上正确地“解释”数据(例如，GIMP将PNG文件解释为图像并显示它，PNG分析器将“分解”PNG部分中的数据，显示某些字节中的标志，...etc)。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2171534|在您的例子中，通常的答案是目标文件包含编译后的代码(和数据)，以及链接器所需的所有额外信息，甚至更多。|2171535|这些信息是如何“组织”的，在某些情况下，“最终更多”是由什么组成的，这取决于特定的对象格式。一些维基百科链接列出了一些可能性，包括this，this，this，this……|offset|length|2171536|这些工具中的每一个都可能有自己的工具来分析内容；例如，用于ELF的readelf，用于几种格式的objdump+(尝试objdump+-i)，这取决于它是如何编译的。|style|CODE|2171537|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relocatable_Object_Module_Format|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format|2|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COFF|3|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Executable^0|0|0|1T|4|0|1Y|4|1|23|4|2|28|4|3|0|X|7|1C|7|1N|A|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@$F|12|G|13|1|14]|$F|15|G|16|1|17]|$F|18|G|19|1|1A]|$F|1B|G|1C|1|1D]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|1E|8|@$F|1F|G|1G|J|K]|$F|1H|G|1I|J|K]|$F|1J|G|1K|J|K]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|-4|5|6|7|1L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|M|$N|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|S]]|T|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|U]]|V|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|W]]|X|$5|O|P|Q|A|$R|Y]]]]

First, binary files can be opened! Don't be scared of it, you need just the right tools! Being binary data, a text editor is not the right tool of course; a right tool could be a hex editor, or an advanced editor like emacs, or a tool that instead of simply "outputting" bytes in their "hex" representation and letting you alone with your interpretation of the data, knows that particular format and "interprets" the data properly, at some level (e.g. GIMP interprets a PNG file as an image and shows it, a PNG analyser will "decompose" the data inside PNG sections showing telling you the flags in certain bytes, ...etc).

In your case, the general answer is that the object file contains your compiled code (and data), plus all extra informations needed by the linker, and eventually more.

How these informantions are "organized" and in some case in what the "eventually more" consists, it depends on the specific object format. Some wikipedia links listing some of the possibilities are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relocatable_Object_Module_Format" rel="noreferrer">this</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format" rel="noreferrer">this</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COFF" rel="noreferrer">this</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Executable" rel="noreferrer">this</a> ...

Each of these may have its tools to analyse the content; e.g. <code>readelf</code> for ELF, <code>objdump</code> for several formats (try <code>objdump -i</code>) depending on how it was compiled.

blocks|key|604095|text|目标文件是编译后的源代码。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|604096|这意味着它是机器码，它依赖于目标平台(如果您真的愿意，可以在Windows上为Unix编译)和所使用的编译器。不同的编译器将从相同的源文件生成不同的机器码。|604097|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

The object file is the compiled source.

This means that it's machine code, which is dependent on the target platform (you can compile for Unix on Windows if you really want to) and the compiler used. Different compilers will produce different machine code from the same source file.

blocks|key|3578096|text|该文件包含二进制数据，必须通过linker运行这些数据才能生成可执行文件。它本质上是一堆机器代码指令，带有命名的部分(对应于您的函数)。来自维基百科的“Object+File”文章：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3578097|3578098|在计算机科学中，目标文件是所需的机器编解码的单独命名序列的有组织的集合。每个序列或对象通常包含用于主机完成某些任务的指令，可能伴随有相关数据和元数据(例如，重定位信息、堆栈展开信息、注释、程序符号、调试或剖析信息)。链接器通常用于通过组合目标文件的各个部分来生成可执行文件或库。|blockquote|3578099|3578100|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_%2528computing%2529|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_file^0|F|6|0|24|B|1|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$A|T|B|U|1|V]|$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|E|3|F|5|G|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|J|$K|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|P]]|Q|$5|L|M|N|C|$O|R]]]]

The file contains binary data which must be run through a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_%28computing%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer">linker</a> to generate an executable. It is essentially a bunch of machine code instructions with named sections (corresponding to your functions). From wikipedia's '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_file" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Object File</a>' article:

<blockquote>
 In computer science, an object file is
 an organized collection of separate,
 named sequences of machine
 code[citation needed]. Each sequence,
 or object, typically contains
 instructions for the host machine to
 accomplish some task, possibly
 accompanied by related data and
 metadata (e.g. relocation
 information, stack unwinding
 information, comments, program
 symbols, debugging or profiling
 information). A linker is typically
 used to generate an executable or
 library by combining parts of object
 files.
</blockquote>

blocks|key|3578269|text|在GNU编译环境中，您可以在可执行文件和目标文件中查看objdump。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3578270|如您所见，该对象只包含编译文件中声明/引用的函数的代码(该文件只包含带有scanf调用和printf调用的主函数)。|3578271|$+objdump+-t+scanf_sample.o

scanf_sample.o:+++++file+format+pe-i386

SYMBOL+TABLE:
[++0](sec+-2)(fl+0x00)(ty+++0)(scl+103)+(nx+1)+0x00000000+scanf_sample.c
File
[++2](sec++1)(fl+0x00)(ty++20)(scl+++2)+(nx+0)+0x00000000+_main
[++3](sec++1)(fl+0x00)(ty+++0)(scl+++3)+(nx+1)+0x00000000+.text
AUX+scnlen+0x91+nreloc+9+nlnno+0
[++5](sec++2)(fl+0x00)(ty+++0)(scl+++3)+(nx+1)+0x00000000+.data
AUX+scnlen+0x0+nreloc+0+nlnno+0
[++7](sec++3)(fl+0x00)(ty+++0)(scl+++3)+(nx+1)+0x00000000+.bss
AUX+scnlen+0x0+nreloc+0+nlnno+0
[++9](sec++4)(fl+0x00)(ty+++0)(scl+++3)+(nx+1)+0x00000000+.rdata
AUX+scnlen+0x54+nreloc+0+nlnno+0
[+11](sec++0)(fl+0x00)(ty++20)(scl+++2)+(nx+1)+0x00000000+___main
AUX+tagndx+0+ttlsiz+0x0+lnnos+0+next+0
[+13](sec++0)(fl+0x00)(ty+++0)(scl+++2)+(nx+0)+0x00000000+__alloca
[+14](sec++0)(fl+0x00)(ty++20)(scl+++2)+(nx+0)+0x00000000+_memset
[+15](sec++0)(fl+0x00)(ty++20)(scl+++2)+(nx+0)+0x00000000+_scanf
[+16](sec++0)(fl+0x00)(ty++20)(scl+++2)+(nx+0)+0x00000000+_printf|code-block|syntax|javascript|3578272|如果您在可执行文件上使用objdump，您可以看到更多的函数(除了在对象中找到的那些函数)。这证明目标文件只包含源文件中定义的函数以及对其他函数的引用。这些引用将在链接阶段解析。|offset|length|style|BOLD|3578273|阅读有关linking、compilation和objects的更多信息。|3578274|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_%2528computing%2529|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilation_%2528programming%2529|2|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_code^0|0|0|0|P|3|0|4|7|0|C|B|1|O|7|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$G|H]]|$1|I|3|J|5|6|7|15|8|@$K|16|L|17|M|N]]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@$K|19|L|1A|1|1B]|$K|1C|L|1D|1|1E]|$K|1F|L|1G|1|1H]]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|X]]|Y|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|Z]]|10|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|11]]]]

In the GNU compilation environment you can look with objdump both in the executable and in the object file.

As you can see the object contains only the code of functions declared/referenced within the compiled file (the file contains only the main function with a scanf call and a printf call).

<pre><code>$ objdump -t scanf_sample.o

scanf_sample.o: file format pe-i386

SYMBOL TABLE:
[ 0](sec -2)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 103) (nx 1) 0x00000000 scanf_sample.c
File
[ 2](sec 1)(fl 0x00)(ty 20)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 _main
[ 3](sec 1)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .text
AUX scnlen 0x91 nreloc 9 nlnno 0
[ 5](sec 2)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .data
AUX scnlen 0x0 nreloc 0 nlnno 0
[ 7](sec 3)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .bss
AUX scnlen 0x0 nreloc 0 nlnno 0
[ 9](sec 4)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .rdata
AUX scnlen 0x54 nreloc 0 nlnno 0
[ 11](sec 0)(fl 0x00)(ty 20)(scl 2) (nx 1) 0x00000000 ___main
AUX tagndx 0 ttlsiz 0x0 lnnos 0 next 0
[ 13](sec 0)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 __alloca
[ 14](sec 0)(fl 0x00)(ty 20)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 _memset
[ 15](sec 0)(fl 0x00)(ty 20)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 _scanf
[ 16](sec 0)(fl 0x00)(ty 20)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 _printf
</code></pre>

If you use objdump on an executable you can see a lot more functions (besides those found inside the object). This proves that the object file contains only the functions defined in the source file with references to other functions. Those references will be resolved at linking phase.

Read more about <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linker_%28computing%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer">linking</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compilation_%28programming%29" rel="nofollow noreferrer">compilation</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_code" rel="nofollow noreferrer">objects</a>.

During the various stages of compilation in C or C++, I know that an object file gets generated (i.e., any_name.o file). What does this .o file contain? I can't open it since it's a binary file.

Could anybody please help me? Are the contents of the object file mainly dependent on the compiler which we use on Unix?

What does an object file contain?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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功能1上新10个字符

功能2描述100个字符功能2描述100个字符功能2描述100个字符功能2描述100个字符功能2描述100个字符功能2描述100个字符功能2描述100个字符功能2描述100个字符功能2描述100个字符。

功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符功能2上新100个字符。

功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符功能5描述100个字符

功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符功能5上新100个字符

功能4上新

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社区新版编辑器体验调研

在C或C++编译的各个阶段，我知道会生成一个目标文件(即any_name.o文件)。此.o文件包含什么内容？我无法打开它，因为它是一个二进制文件。有谁能帮帮我吗？目标文件的内容主要依赖于我们在Unix上使用的编译器吗？

问对象文件包含什么？
EN

回答 8

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问对象文件包含什么？EN

回答 8

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问对象文件包含什么？
EN