查找R中word的所有变体

Question

我有以下几句话。

words <- c("hail(0.75)", "hail0.75", "hail0.88", "hail075", "hail1.00", "hail1.75", "hail100", "hail125", "hail1.75)", "hail150", "hail175", "hail200", "hail225", "hail275", "hail450", "hail088", "hail75", "hail80", "hail88")

     [1] "hail(0.75)" "hail0.75"   "hail0.88"   "hail075"    "hail1.00"   "hail1.75"  
     [7] "hail100"    "hail125"    "hail1.75)"  "hail150"    "hail175"    "hail200"   
    [13] "hail225"    "hail275"    "hail450"    "hail088"    "hail75"     "hail80"    
    [19] "hail88" 

正如你所看到的，hail(0.75)重复着各种类型的错误/格式化(如hail075，hail0.75)

我怎样才能找到所有出现的hail(0.75)，包括上面描述的它的变体？

我试过了

grep("hail[0,7,5]"), words, value = T) [1] "hail0.75" "hail0.88" "hail075" "hail088" "hail75"

以查找包含数字075的冰雹实例。

但是，它包括不需要的hail088，不包括需要的hail(0.75)。

Answer 1

另一种选择是删除所有非数字数字，并将其用作索引：

idx <- gsub("[^[:digit:]]","",words)
words[idx=="075"]
[1] "hail(0.75)" "hail0.75"   "hail075"

Answer 2

这就是你要找的东西吗？

> x <- c("hail(0.75)", "hail0.75", "hail0.88", "hail075", "hail1.00", "hail1.75", "hail100", "hail125", "hail1.75)", "hail150", "hail175", "hail200", "hail225", "hail275", "hail450", "hail088", "hail75", "hail80", "hail88")
> x
 [1] "hail(0.75)" "hail0.75"   "hail0.88"   "hail075"    "hail1.00"
 [6] "hail1.75"   "hail100"    "hail125"    "hail1.75)"  "hail150"
[11] "hail175"    "hail200"    "hail225"    "hail275"    "hail450"
[16] "hail088"    "hail75"     "hail80"     "hail88"

而你grep：

> x[grep("^hail[[:punct:]]*0[[:punct:]]*75.*", x)]
[1] "hail(0.75)" "hail0.75"   "hail075"

这在假设7和5总是相邻的情况下起作用。快速解释：^表示字符串的开始，[[:punct:]]是任意标点符号，*是重复0次或更多次的前一个字符(在本例中是[[:punct:]])。