blocks|key|474988|text|项目经理=穿着更好的西装的项目经理。软件架构师=穿着干净T恤的软件工程师。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|474989|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Program Manager = project manager in a better suit.
Software Architect = Software Engineer in a cleaner T-shirt.

blocks|key|4540342|text|项目经理:了解客户/市场需求并推动规范。他了解开发环境(语言、工具等)，并以开发人员可以理解的方式编写产品规范。如果开发/测试团队需要明确需求，他们可以去找项目经理。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4540343|架构师:给定一个问题，设计一个软件解决方案。这包括程序控制流、组件所在位置、组件如何交互以及类设计等。|4540344|虽然架构师的职位非常明确，但不同的公司对项目经理有不同的含义。|4540345|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

Program Manager:
Has understanding of customer/market requirements and drives the specifications. He is aware of the dev environment (language, tools etc) and writes the product spec in such a way that is understood by developers. If dev/test teams need clarity on requirements they go to Program Manager. 

Architect:
Given a problem, designs a software solution. This includes program control flow, where components are located, how they interact and class design etc. 

While the Architect position is quite un-ambiguous, different companies have different meaning for Program Managers.

blocks|key|1104218|text|在“神秘的人月”中，Frederick+P.Brooks把项目经理比作制片人，把软件架构师比作电影剪辑。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1104219|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

In 'The mythical man-month' Frederick P.Brooks compares the Program Manager to a producer, and the Software architect to a movie editor.

blocks|key|475011|text|项目经理:受程序员尊重的非程序员|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|475012|软件架构师:不受程序员尊重的程序员|475013|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Program Manager: non-programmer with the respect of programmers

Software Architect: programmer without the respect of programmers

blocks|key|1104244|text|在当前流行的“基于项目组合的项目管理”中，项目经理是项目管理办公室的领导职位，负责多个项目经理和多个正在进行的项目。项目经理通常存在于中型和大型企业中，他们拥有项目工件并了解业务。他们向执行级管理层汇报工作，并根据预算和时间表生死存亡。标题通常不用于软件程序，而是程序的一般含义。在项目组合模型中，企业有一个项目组合，这些项目被组织成项目，每个项目又被分解成项目。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1104245|企业中的软件架构师是负责集成业务中的多个系统和应用程序的技术人员。该人员通过了解业务流程并启用每天运行业务的技术来成为架构师。在企业中，架构师的职业轨迹已经成为有技术头脑的个人在不求助于黑暗面(即管理)的情况下获得进步的一种方式。|1104246|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

In the current fashion of 'Portfolio based project management' the Program Manager is a lead position in the Project Management Office responsible for several Project Managers and multiple projects in progress. The Program Manager typically exist in midsized and larger enterprises and they own the project artifacts and understand the business. They report to executive level management and live and die by the budget and timeline. The title is not typically used in relation to software programs but the general meaning of program. In the portfolio model a business has a portfolio of projects organized into programs with each program breaking down into projects.

A Software Architect in an enterprise is a technical individual responsible for the integration of multiple systems and applications within the business. The person becomes architect by understanding the business processes and enabling technology that runs the business on a day to basis. In enterprises the architect career track has become a way for technology minded individuals to advance without resorting to the Dark Side (ie management).

blocks|key|475181|text|项目经理监督可交付件(例如，产品)的健康和进度。这包括管理人员和他们的时间，计划和消除成本超支，确保各个项目里程碑重合，就可交付的状态向涉众负责，定义标准和基础设施，等等。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|475182|“软件架构师”是一个有点模糊的术语，它描述的是其输出是软件设计(也可能是构造)的人。这可以是从项目的一个部分到整个产品的任何东西。软件架构师与项目经理一起工作，以确保软件的设计与产品的意图和目标相匹配，遵守标准，遵循治理模型中规定的流程，满足财务需求，等等。|475183|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

A program manager oversees the health and progress of a deliverable (e.g., a product). This includes managing people and their time, projecting and eliminating cost overruns, ensuring that individual project milestones coincide, answering to the stakeholders on the state of the deliverable, defining standards and infrastructure, and so on.

"Software architect" is a somewhat nebulous term that describes someone whose output is the design (and possibly the construction) of software. This can be anything from one part of a project to the entire product. The software architect works with the program manager to ensure that the software's design matches the intent and goals of the product, adheres to the standards, follows the processes mandated in a governance model, meets the financial requirements, and so on.

blocks|key|475342|text|如果软件卖不出去，你可以和Progam经理(和销售/市场)谈，如果软件不能工作，你可以和软件架构师谈。项目经理更专注于商业方面的事情。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|475343|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

If the software doesn't sell you can talk to the Progam Manager (and sales/marketing), if the software doesn't work you can talk to the Software Architect. Program Manager has a greater concentration on the commercial side of things.

blocks|key|3694852|text|在软件开发中，我遇到了两种完全不同的项目经理用法。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3694853|一种是我认为的微软版本，类似于其他公司的产品经理。他们是外向型的，所以他们关注的是“利益相关者”(客户、业务等)希望从产品中获取信息，并将此信息传达给开发团队。我相信微软通常会将项目经理与某种技术负责人配对，后者实际上是开发团队的领导者。我对这种类型的项目经理没有任何直接的经验(至少在这个名字下是这样的)，我所知道的大部分都是通过阅读Spolsky+articles学到的。|offset|length|3694854|这个词的另一种用法是我认为的英式OGC+Programme+Manager用法。因为我在英国工作了11年，我不知道这个词在美国或其他地方有多广泛。这种类型的项目经理负责监督多个项目经理。在这个意义上的“计划”是一项巨大的努力，需要协调多个项目，通常是跨多个学科。IT计划可能有一个或多个软件开发项目，以及设计和构建托管基础设施的项目，创建支持组织，以及计划营销活动等非技术项目。|3694855|“软件架构师”也有不同的用法，但一般来说，它们都倾向于指比任何级别的项目经理更具技术性的人。它通常是一个技术领导角色。|3694856|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2009/03/09.html|1|http://www.ogc.gov.uk/User_roles_in_the_toolkit_programme_manager.asp^0|0|4O|G|0|0|G|L|1|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@$D|V|E|W|1|X]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$D|Z|E|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$L|$5|M|N|O|A|$P|Q]]|R|$5|M|N|O|A|$P|S]]]]

I've come across two quite different uses of the term Program Manager in software development.

One is what I think of as the Microsoft version, which is analagous to a product manager in other companies. They are outward facing, so they look at what 'stakeholders' (customers, the business, etc.) want from the product, and communicate this to the development team. I believe Microsoft typically pairs the program manager with a technical lead of some sort, who actually leads the development team. I don't have any direct experience of this type of program manager (at least under that name), most of what I know I've learned by reading <a href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2009/03/09.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Spolsky articles</a>.

The other use of the term is what I think of as the British <a href="http://www.ogc.gov.uk/User_roles_in_the_toolkit_programme_manager.asp" rel="nofollow noreferrer">OGC Programme Manager</a> usage. Since I've worked in the UK for the past 11 years, I don't know how widely the term is used in the US or elsewhere. This type of Programme Manager oversees multiple project managers. A 'programme' in this sense is a large effort which requires coordinating multiple projects, often across multiple disciplines. An IT programme may have one or more software development projects, along with a project to design and build the hosting infrastructure, create a support organisation, as well as non-technical projects such as planning a marketing campaign.

"Software architect" is also used in different ways, but generally speaking, they all tend to mean someone much more technical than a program manager of any stripe. It is typically a technical leadership role.

blocks|key|475116|text|项目经理从客户的角度了解业务需求和对产品的看法。因此，这就像一个项目经理，如果一个人把一个产品当成一个项目。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|475117|软件架构师从开发人员的角度了解产品的技术需求和观点。因此，这就像是开发人员是领导者，并决定事物的整体结构。|475118|至少这是我区分它们的方式。|475119|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

Program Manager knows the business requirements and the view of the product from the customer's perspective. Thus, this is like a project manager if one takes a product to be like a project.

Software Architect knows the technical requirements and the view of the product from the developer's perspective. Thus, this is like a developer being the lead and determining the overall structure of things.

At least that is how I differentiate them.

What are the differences between a <a href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2009/03/09.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">program manager</a> and a <a href="https://blog.stackoverflow.com/2009/03/podcast-44/">software architect</a>?

Program Manager vs. Software Architect

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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