我的多线程知识还很基础,所以非常感谢这里的一些指点。我有一个接口,IOperationInvoker (来自WCF),它有以下方法:
IAsyncResult InvokeBegin(object instance, object[] inputs, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
object InvokeEnd(object instance, out object[] outputs, IAsyncResult result)给定此接口的具体实现后,我需要实现相同的接口,同时在单独的Thread中调用底层实现。(如果你想知道为什么,具体的实现调用了一个遗留的COM对象,该对象需要处于不同的单元状态)。
目前,我正在做这样的事情:
public StaOperationSyncInvoker : IOperationInvoker {
IOperationInvoker _innerInvoker;
public StaOperationSyncInvoker(IOperationInvoker invoker) {
this._innerInvoker = invoker;
}
public IAsyncResult InvokeBegin(object instance, object[] inputs, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
{
Thread t = new Thread(BeginInvokeDelegate);
InvokeDelegateArgs ida = new InvokeDelegateArgs(_innerInvoker, instance, inputs, callback, state);
t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
t.Start(ida);
// would do t.Join() if doing syncronously
// how to wait to get IAsyncResult?
return ida.AsyncResult;
}
public object InvokeEnd(object instance, out object[] outputs, IAsyncResult result)
{
// how to call invoke end on the
// thread? could we have wrapped IAsyncResult
// to get a reference here?
return null;
}
private class InvokeDelegateArgs {
public InvokeDelegateArgs(IOperationInvoker invoker, object instance, object[] inputs, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
{
this.Invoker = invoker;
this.Instance = instance;
this.Inputs = inputs;
this.Callback = callback;
this.State = state;
}
public IOperationInvoker Invoker { get; private set; }
public object Instance { get; private set; }
public AsyncCallback Callback { get; private set; }
public IAsyncResult AsyncResult { get; set; }
public Object[] Inputs { get; private set; }
public Object State { get; private set; }
}
private static void BeginInvokeDelegate(object data)
{
InvokeDelegateArgs ida = (InvokeDelegateArgs)data;
ida.AsyncResult = ida.Invoker.InvokeBegin(ida.Instance, ida.Inputs, ida.Callback, ida.State);
}
}我在想,我需要用我自己的代码包装返回的AsyncResult,这样我就可以回到我们已经假脱机的线程了……但老实说,我有点力不从心。有什么建议吗?
非常感谢,
詹姆斯
发布于 2009-04-18 13:34:05
异步实现同步方法的最简单方法是将其放入委托中,然后对生成的委托使用BeginInvoke和EndInvoke方法。这将在线程池线程上运行synchronous方法,并且BeginInvoke将返回一个IAsyncResult实现,因此您不必实现它的核心。但是,您确实需要将一些额外的数据走私到IOperationInvoker.InvokeEnd返回的IAsyncResult中。您可以通过创建一个IAsyncResult实现轻松地完成此操作,该实现将所有事务委托给内部IAsyncResult,但有一个额外的字段来包含该委托,以便在将IAsyncResult实例传递给InvokeEnd时,您可以访问该委托以对其调用EndInvoke。
但是,仔细阅读您的问题后,我发现您需要使用带有COM设置等的显式线程。
您需要做的是正确地实现IAsyncResult。因为IAsyncResult将包含同步所需的所有位,所以几乎所有的事情都是从这里开始的。
下面是一个非常简单但不是非常高效的IAsyncResult实现。它封装了所有的基本功能:传递参数,同步事件,回调实现,从异步任务传播异常和返回结果。
using System;
using System.Threading;
class MyAsyncResult : IAsyncResult
{
object _state;
object _lock = new object();
ManualResetEvent _doneEvent = new ManualResetEvent(false);
AsyncCallback _callback;
Exception _ex;
bool _done;
int _result;
int _x;
public MyAsyncResult(int x, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
{
_callback = callback;
_state = state;
_x = x; // arbitrary argument(s)
}
public int X { get { return _x; } }
public void SignalDone(int result)
{
lock (_lock)
{
_result = result;
_done = true;
_doneEvent.Set();
}
// never invoke any delegate while holding a lock
if (_callback != null)
_callback(this);
}
public void SignalException(Exception ex)
{
lock (_lock)
{
_ex = ex;
_done = true;
_doneEvent.Set();
}
if (_callback != null)
_callback(this);
}
public object AsyncState
{
get { return _state; }
}
public WaitHandle AsyncWaitHandle
{
get { return _doneEvent; }
}
public bool CompletedSynchronously
{
get { return false; }
}
public int Result
{
// lock (or volatile, complex to explain) needed
// for memory model problems.
get
{
lock (_lock)
{
if (_ex != null)
throw _ex;
return _result;
}
}
}
public bool IsCompleted
{
get { lock (_lock) return _done; }
}
}
class Program
{
static void MyTask(object param)
{
MyAsyncResult ar = (MyAsyncResult) param;
try
{
int x = ar.X;
Thread.Sleep(1000); // simulate lengthy work
ar.SignalDone(x * 2); // demo work = double X
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
ar.SignalException(ex);
}
}
static IAsyncResult Begin(int x, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
{
Thread th = new Thread(MyTask);
MyAsyncResult ar = new MyAsyncResult(x, callback, state);
th.Start(ar);
return ar;
}
static int End(IAsyncResult ar)
{
MyAsyncResult mar = (MyAsyncResult) ar;
mar.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne();
return mar.Result; // will throw exception if one
// occurred in background task
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// demo calling code
// we don't need state or callback for demo
IAsyncResult ar = Begin(42, null, null);
int result = End(ar);
Console.WriteLine(result);
Console.ReadLine();
}
}对于正确性来说,重要的是客户端代码不能看到IAsyncResult实现,否则它们可能会不适当地访问SignalException等方法或过早地读取Result。如果没有必要,可以通过不构造WaitHandle实现(示例中的ManualResetEvent)来提高类的效率,但要做到100%正确是很棘手的。此外,可以而且应该在End实现中处理Thread和ManualResetEvent,就像应该处理所有实现IDisposable的对象一样。显然,End应该检查以确保它获得了正确的类实现,以获得比强制转换异常更好的异常。我省略了这些和其他细节,因为它们模糊了异步实现的基本机制。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/763417
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