blocks|key|901774|text|算法独立于语言，这是真的。但是你使用的任何媒介都是一种语言，句号。使用Excel意味着您正在使用excel“语言”(行、列、单元格等)。来表达你的一些算法。也许不是完整的成品，但您已经在Excel中表达了它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|901775|UML图是一种表达算法的语言。纸上的草图是一种表达的语言。很难将柏拉图式的理想算法从所有的具体表示中分离出来。无论你做什么，你都是在用某种语言表达它。|901776|诀窍是将算法与特定的语言功能和限制分开。|901777|任何“非正式”符号都会帮助你做到这一点。英语(或其他自然语言)，数学，图表等，都是用一种没有实现怪癖和问题的语言来表达算法的候选语言。|901778|我首先用英语概述一下。纯文本，甚至不是MS-Word或格式化会让人分心的东西。|901779|对于真正复杂的事情，一些补充数学有助于在程序状态周围放置正式断言。|901780|此外，UML图也有帮助。我使用Argo+UML+--既便宜又有效。|offset|length|901781|有关此主题的更多信息，请阅读有关formal+verification系统的信息。|901782|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://argouml.tigris.org/|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_verification^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|F|8|0|0|G|J|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@$N|18|O|19|1|1A]]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|1B|8|@]|9|@$N|1C|O|1D|1|1E]]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|-4|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|S|$T|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|Y]]|Z|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|10]]]]

Algorithms are independent of language, true. But any medium you use is a language, period. Using Excel means you're using the excel "language" (rows, columns, cells, etc.) to express some of your algorithm. Maybe not the complete, finished product, but you've expressed it in Excel.

UML diagrams are a language for expressing an algorithm. A sketch on paper is a language for expression. It's hard to separate the platonic ideal algorithm from all concrete representations. No matter what you do, you're expressing it in some language.

The trick is to separate the algorithm from specific language features and limitations.

Any "informal" notation will help do this. English (or other natural language), mathematics, diagrams, etc., are all candidates for expressing an algorithm in a language that's free from implementation quirks and problems.

I start with an overview in English. Plain text, not even MS-Word or something where formatting is a distractor.

For really complex things, a little supplemental mathematics helps put formal assertions around the state of the program.

Also, UML diagrams help. I use <a href="http://argouml.tigris.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Argo UML</a> -- cheap and effective.

For more on this topic, you want to read about <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_verification" rel="nofollow noreferrer">formal verification</a> systems.

blocks|key|4133231|text|我通常在纸上画出来，然后尝试用Common+Lisp快速实现，并在REPL上测试它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4133232|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

I usually sketch it out on paper, then try a quick implementation in Common Lisp and test it on the REPL.

blocks|key|3288048|text|我不使用这样的工具，但在用Java实现算法之前，我通常会用groovy这样的高级脚本语言粗略地编写算法。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3288049|我发现使用更高级的脚本语言，你不必太担心语言，你可以更专注于算法。然后，当您验证了算法后，您可以将其移植到一种更具限制性的语言。|3288050|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

I dont use a tool as such, but often I will rough out an algorithm in a high level scripting langauge such as groovy before implementing it in Java. 

I find that with higher level scripting langauges you dont have to worry so much about the language and you can more focus on the algorithm. Then when you have proven the algorithm, you can port it a more restrictive language.

blocks|key|901745|text|我通常使用白板(我在工作中有一个，家里有两个)来勾勒出粗略的算法，并尝试一个非常小的问题实例。如果我需要编写代码，我会用Python编写一个原型。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|901746|我通常只在需要编写正式规范文档时才使用绘图程序。这些通常显示了比算法更高级别的设计，比如使用Visio+for+UML图表。|901747|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

I normally use a whiteboard (I have one at work and two at home) to sketch out the rough algorithm, and for trying out a very small instance of a problem. If I need to code it up I write a prototype in Python.

I normally only use a drawing program when I need to write formal specification documents. These normally show a higher level design than algorithms though, like using Visio for UML diagrams.

blocks|key|901671|text|我猜这取决于算法的复杂性。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|901672|通常，我会在一些纸上快速绘制流程图。有一些优秀的图表工具可用，但我仍然没有找到一个像一张纸上很好的老式草图一样快的工具。|901673|除此之外，我经常在VB.NET+windows窗体或控制台应用程序中拼凑出一个真正“快速而肮脏”的算法模型。使用一些较新的特性，如LINQ-to-SQL，您甚至可以在很短的时间内构建依赖于数据库访问的原型。|901674|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

I guess it depends on the complexity of the algorithm.

Quite often I'll actually draw a quick sketch of a flowchart on some paper. There are some excellent diagramming tools available, but I still haven't found one that is as quick as a good old fashioned sketch on a piece of paper.

Other than that, I often end up throwing together a really 'quick and dirty' mock up of the algorithm in a VB.NET windows forms or console application. With some of the more recent features like LINQ-to-SQL, you can even put together prototypes that rely on database access in a very short space of time.

blocks|key|4133439|text|根据定义，|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4133440|算法独立于它们运行的介质。|blockquote|4133441|4133442|4133443|这是什么定义？谁做的？他们知道leaky+abstraction吗？|offset|length|4133444|优秀的算法必须经常了解他们所使用的平台。如果这不是真的，那么程序将自动在GPU上并行化，并且可以毫不费力地重写以在量子计算机上工作。|4133445|也就是说，许多基础算法确实是平台不可知的。奇怪的是，我实际上觉得使用C%2B%2B来摆弄算法是最舒服的。然而，当我这样做时，我严重依赖于高级别的抽象，所以我不会玩弄指针或类似的东西。另一方面，STL实际上提供了一个相当丰富的工具包来处理算法。|4133446|和Bill一样，我也经常使用我的白板。我的起居室里实际上有一块1m+*+2m的白板。很恐怖。;-)|4133447|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/LeakyAbstractions.html^0|0|0|0|0|F|H|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|D|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|E|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|11|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|H|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@$I|13|J|14|1|15]]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|N|5|6|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|-4|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|R|$S|$5|T|U|V|A|$W|X]]]]

<blockquote>
 By definition algorithms are independent from the medium they run on.
</blockquote>

What definition is that? Who made it? And did they know about <a href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/articles/LeakyAbstractions.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">leaky abstraction</a>?

Good algorithms must often know about the platform they're using. If that weren't true, programs would be automatically parallelizable for the GPU, and could be effortlessly rewritten to work on quantum computers.

That said, many fundamental algorithms are indeed platform-agnostic. Oddly, I actually feel most comfortable using C++ to fiddle around with algorithms. However, when doing this I heavily rely on a high level of abstractions so I don't play around with pointers or the likes. On the other hand, the STL actually offers a quite rich toolkit to play around with algorithms.

And, same as Bill, I use my whiteboard quite a lot. I actually have a 1m * 2m whiteboard in my living room. Creepy. ;-)

blocks|key|3288540|text|我通常用实现算法的Python来破解一些东西。我将完全忽略任何合理的编码准则-例如，我不会创建类来存储我的数据，但我只会创建越来越大的元组来包含我的所有信息并表示一个“对象”。这只是为了尽快获得算法的工作版本。一旦我理解了它，我将在目标语言中以一种更合理的方式实现它。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3288541|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

I generally hack something out in Python which implements the algorithm. I'll completely ignore any sane coding guidelines - for example, I won't create classes to store my data, but I'll just create larger and larger tuples to contain all my info and to represent an 'object'. This is just to get a working version of the algorithm as fast as possible. Once I understand it, I'll implement it in a more sane way in the target language.

By definition algorithms are independent from the medium they run on. E.g. I use Excel tables to play with data structures and to do some move/shuffling/marking experiments before implementing an algorithm in a programming language. 

What tools and techniques do you use to design and simulate the function of an algorithm? How do you use drawing programs? A special specification language?

Mediums to try out algorithms?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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根据定义，算法独立于它们运行的介质。例如，在用编程语言实现算法之前，我使用Excel表格处理数据结构，并做一些移动/洗牌/标记实验。你使用什么工具和技术来设计和模拟算法的功能？如何使用绘图程序？一种特殊的规范语言？

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