ImportError:没有名为matplotlib的模块

Question

几个月前，Matplotlib工作得很好。但是现在我一直收到这个错误：

ImportError: No module named matplotlib

我再次使用pip安装matplotlib。它没有起作用。我使用了easyinstall。还是不能工作。

pip安装提供了

Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): matplotlib in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib-1.5.0-py2.7-macosx-10.6-intel.egg
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): numpy>=1.6 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages (from matplotlib)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): python-dateutil in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.4.2-py2.7.egg (from matplotlib)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pytz in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytz-2015.7-py2.7.egg (from matplotlib)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): cycler in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cycler-0.9.0-py2.7.egg (from matplotlib)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): pyparsing!=2.0.0,!=2.0.4,>=1.5.6 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyparsing-2.0.6-py2.7.egg (from matplotlib)
Requirement already satisfied (use --upgrade to upgrade): six>=1.5 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg (from python-dateutil->matplotlib)

然后我用

sudo -E pip install matplotlib --upgrade

在那之后我得到了

The directory '/Users/ruskin/Library/Logs/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the debug log has been disabled.        Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/Users/ruskin/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled.   Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
You are using pip version 6.1.1, however version 7.1.2 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
The directory '/Users/ruskin/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.

它继续升级matplotlib，但最终我得到了

Requirement already up-to-date: python-dateutil in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/python_dateutil-2.4.2-py2.7.egg (from matplotlib)
Requirement already up-to-date: pytz in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pytz-2015.7-py2.7.egg (from matplotlib)
Requirement already up-to-date: cycler in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cycler-0.9.0-py2.7.egg (from matplotlib)
Requirement already up-to-date: pyparsing!=2.0.0,!=2.0.4,>=1.5.6 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pyparsing-2.0.6-py2.7.egg (from matplotlib)
Requirement already up-to-date: six>=1.5 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/six-1.10.0-py2.7.egg (from python-dateutil->matplotlib)
Installing collected packages: numpy
  Found existing installation: numpy 1.9.1
 Uninstalling numpy-1.9.1:
  Exception:
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 246, in main
      status = self.run(options, args)
    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 352, in run
      root=options.root_path,
    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_set.py", line 687, in install
      requirement.uninstall(auto_confirm=True)
    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_install.py", line 730, in uninstall
      paths_to_remove.remove(auto_confirm)
    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/req/req_uninstall.py", line 126, in remove
      renames(path, new_path)
    File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip/utils/__init__.py", line 292, in renames
      shutil.move(old, new)
    File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/shutil.py", line 303, in move
      os.unlink(src)
  OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy-1.9.1.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst'

Answer 1

在OS上，不要以根用户身份安装python模块，这是一个永远不会结束失败的捷径。

使用pip的--user参数，以便仅为当前用户安装模块，例如：

localhost:~ sorins$ which python
/usr/local/bin/python

python -m pip install --user --upgrade matplotlib

此外，请确保您使用的是正确的python解释器，因为pip经常会感到困惑，并将模块安装在python路径(sys.path)之外的位置。