在使用python和tkinter作为实时GUI时有一些延迟

Question

所以我在matlab中有一个程序，它以随机的顺序发送从1到7的数字，当我的python代码收到数字时，必须点亮相应的单词(每个单词都是一个与其相关的特定数字)。这必须尽可能快，因为这是一个脑机接口，计时非常重要。

发生的情况是:当我简单地打印从matlab接收到的值时，没有出现延迟，我收到的结果是这样的：

b'1\n'
b'7\n'
b'4\n'
b'2\n'
b'6\n'
b'3\n'
b'1\n'
b'5\n'
etc..

但是当我包含GUI (我使用的是Tkinter)部分并打印值时，它会给我：

b'1\n'
1
b'7\n'
7
b'4\n'
4
b'2\n'
2
b'6\n'
6
b'3\n'
3
b'1\n5\n1\n'
1
5
1
b'4\n3\n7\n'
4
3
7
b'6\n2\n5\n7\n2\n'
6
2
5
etc...

因此，当它开始一次接收多个数字时，它会大大减慢程序的速度。在我看来，要么是tkinter速度太慢，要么是循环不正确，但这很奇怪，因为它只有几行代码：

from tkinter import *
import time
import winsound
import socket
import sys

sounds = ["sim_esquerda_elev0_azim100.wav","nao_direita_elev0_azim100.wav",\
          "fome_esquerda_elev30_azim120.wav", "sede_direita_elev-40_azim148.wav",\
          "urinar_esquerda_elev-40_azim32.wav","ar_frente_elev0_azim0.wav",\
          "posicao_direita_elev30_azim60.wav"]

# TCP connection
try:
    so = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
except socket.error as err:
    print ("socket creation failed with error %s" %(err))

#default port for socket
port = 2000

# default time out
#so.settimeout(1000000)

try:
    host_ip = socket.gethostbyname('localhost')
except socket.gaierror:
    # this means could not resolve the host
    print ("there was an error resolving the host")
    sys.exit()

# connecting to the server
so.connect((host_ip,port))

# MATLAB INFORMATION FOR OFFLINE EXPERIMENT
Nepoch = 10  #nr de epochs por trial
Nwords = 7   #nr de palavras (SIM, NAO, FOME, SEDE, URINAR, AR, POSICAO)
SeqTrain = [1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6] #sequencia offline de treino

# read the TCP sequence received
def sequencia():
    num = 0
    for i in range(0,999):
        s = so.recv(port) #+ b'\n' #since the sequence received is : 1\n 2\n 5\n etc
        print(s)
        for c in s.split():
            y = int(c)
            #print(c)
            #feedbak offline (for the user to know which are the words)
            if (num in (0, Nepoch*Nwords+1, Nepoch*Nwords*2+2, Nepoch*Nwords*3+3, Nepoch*Nwords*4+4, Nepoch*Nwords*5+5,\
                    Nepoch*Nwords*6+6)):
                labels1[y-1].configure(foreground="white")
                root.update()
            elif (num in (Nepoch*Nwords*7+7, Nepoch*Nwords*8+8, Nepoch*Nwords*9+9, Nepoch*Nwords*10+10,\
                     Nepoch*Nwords*11+11, Nepoch*Nwords*12+12, Nepoch*Nwords*13+13)):
                labels2[y-1].configure(foreground="white")
                root.update()
            else:
                labels[y-1].configure(background="green",foreground="red")
                root.update()
                winsound.PlaySound(sounds[y-1], winsound.SND_FILENAME)
                labels[y-1].configure(background="gray",foreground="white")
                root.update()
            num = num + 1
#window 
root = Tk()
root.title("Sequencia")
#root.attributes('-fullscreen', True)  #for fullscreen
#root.bind('<Escape>',lambda e: root.destroy()) #to get out of the full screen
root.state('zoomed')  #just zoomed not fullscreen
w, h = root.winfo_screenwidth(), root.winfo_screenheight()
fm = Frame(root, width=w, height=h, bg="black")

#draw center lines
#wi = Canvas(fm, width=20, height=20, bg ="green", selectborderwidth=0)
#wi.create_line(0, 200, 150, 150, width=10, fill="blue")


#~~~~~~~~~~~~~LABELS FOR THE OFFLINE TEST TO SHOW UP IN THE SCREEN~~~~~~~~~~~~~
label_sim1 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "SIM",  font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_nao1 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "NÃO", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_fome1 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "FOME", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_sede1 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "SEDE", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_urinar1 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "URINAR", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_ar1 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "AR", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_posicao1 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "POSIÇÃO", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")

labels1 = [label_sim1,label_nao1,label_fome1,label_sede1,label_urinar1,label_ar1,label_posicao1]

label_sim2 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "SIM",  font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_nao2 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "NÃO", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_fome2 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "FOME", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_sede2 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "SEDE", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_urinar2 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "URINAR", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_ar2 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "AR", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")
label_posicao2 = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="black", text = "POSIÇÃO", font = ('TkDefaultFont',15), fg="black")

labels2 = [label_sim2,label_nao2,label_fome2,label_sede2,label_urinar2,label_ar2,label_posicao2]

#posicionamento das palavras: [1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6] sim, fome, urinar, posição, nao, sede, ar, sim, fome, urinar, posição, nao, sede, ar
fm.pack()
label_sim1.place(relx=0.09, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_fome1.place(relx=0.14, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_urinar1.place(relx=0.2, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_posicao1.place(relx=0.27, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_nao1.place(relx=0.32, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_sede1.place(relx=0.37, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_ar1.place(relx=0.42, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)

label_sim2.place(relx=0.46, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_fome2.place(relx=0.515, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_urinar2.place(relx=0.575, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_posicao2.place(relx=0.645, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_nao2.place(relx=0.695, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_sede2.place(relx=0.745, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)
label_ar2.place(relx=0.80, rely=0.07, anchor=CENTER)


#~~~~~~~~~~LABELS OF THE PARADIGM~~~~~~~~~~
label_sim = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="gray", text = "SIM",  font = ('TkDefaultFont',28), fg="white")
label_nao = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="gray", text = "NÃO", font = ('TkDefaultFont',28), fg="white")
label_fome = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="gray", text = "FOME", font = ('TkDefaultFont',28), fg="white")
label_sede = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="gray", text = "SEDE", font = ('TkDefaultFont',28), fg="white")
label_urinar = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="gray", text = "URINAR", font = ('TkDefaultFont',28), fg="white")
label_ar = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="gray", text = "AR", font = ('TkDefaultFont',28), fg="white")
label_posicao = Label(fm, width=10, height=1, bg="gray", text = "POSIÇÃO", font = ('TkDefaultFont',28), fg="white")

labels = [label_sim,label_nao,label_fome,label_sede,label_urinar,label_ar,label_posicao]

#ordem de sequencia (1 2 3 4 5 6 7): (SIM, NAO, FOME, SEDE, URINAR, AR, POSICAO)
#posicionamento das palavras: 
fm.pack()
label_ar.place(relx=0.5, rely=0.15, anchor=CENTER)
label_posicao.place(relx=0.70, rely=0.3, anchor=CENTER)
label_urinar.place(relx=0.3, rely=0.3, anchor=CENTER)
label_nao.place(relx=0.72, rely=0.55, anchor=CENTER)
label_sim.place(relx=0.28, rely=0.55, anchor=CENTER)
label_sede.place(relx=0.60, rely=0.77, anchor=CENTER)
label_fome.place(relx=0.4, rely=0.77, anchor=CENTER)

root.update()
sequencia()

你知道为什么会发生这样的事情吗？或者改进的建议？我已经尝试过用线程分离代码，但不起作用。Tkinter是个糟糕的选择吗？或者甚至是蟒蛇？非常感谢

Answer 1

对update的调用可能是降低循环速度的主要原因。每次调用它时，它都会尝试为所有挂起的事件提供服务。您应该考虑每几百毫秒只调用它一次。

此外，播放声音将非常慢，因为您必须等待声音播放，然后循环才能继续。