我怎样才能把一根线拆成几段呢?例如,如何放置“orld”。添加到名为one的变量中,将"Hello“添加到名为three的变量中,将”w“添加到two中
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char *text ="Hello World."; /*12 C*/
char one[5];
char two[5];
char three[2];
return 1;
}发布于 2010-10-18 07:09:52
首先,你不能做你要求的事情,并且仍然让它们作为以null结尾的字符串工作。这是因为text的内存布局如下所示:
char text_as_array[] = {
'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'W', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd', '.', '\0'
};注意末尾的'\0'。字符数组test的实际长度不是12,而是13。
控制台输出函数(如printf和std::cout (C++) )需要空终止才能工作:
char good[] = { 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', '\0' };
printf("%s\n", good); /* this works, because it is null-terminated */
char bad[] = { 'H', 'e', 'l', 'l', };
printf("%s\n", bad); /* this will print out garbage, or crash your program! */这意味着您必须像这样定义数组:
char one[6];
char two[3];
char three[6];您可以通过简单地复制这些值来手动完成此操作:
one[0] = text[7]; /* o */
one[1] = text[8]; /* r */
one[2] = text[9]; /* l */
one[3] = text[10]; /* d */
one[4] = text[11]; /* . */
one[5] = '\0'; /* you have to null-terminate the string */如果您想要更少的输入,或者只是想编写更好的代码,您可以利用数组/字符串是连续的这一事实,并使用循环来复制数据:
for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
one[i] = text[7 + i];
}
one[5] = '\0';但是如果你猜到这是在C中很常见的事情,那么你猜对了。您应该使用内置函数为您执行复制操作,而不是每次手动编写此循环的代码:
/* C uses "", C++ uses <> */
#include "string.h" /* C++: #include<cstring> */
#include "stdio.h" /* C++: #include<cstdio> */
/* don't do "int function(void)", do "int function()" instead */
int main()
{
char *text = "Hello World."; /* string length 12, array size 13 */
/* size of these has to accomodate the terminating null */
char one[6];
char two[3];
char three[6];
/* copy two characters, starting at index 5 */
strncpy(two, &text[5], 2);
/* for three, we don't have to do &text[0], because it is at the beginning of the string */
strncpy(three, text, 5);
/* we can do strcpy if we're at the end of the string. It will stop when it hits '\0' */
strcpy(one, &text[7]);
/* note that we still have to null-terminate the strings when we use strncpy */
two[2] = '\0';
three[5] = '\0';
/* but we don't have to null-terminate when we use strcpy */
/* so we can comment this out: one[5] = '\0'; */
printf("%s\n", one);
printf("%s\n", two);
printf("%s\n", three);
return 0; /* returns 0, since no errors occurred */
}发布于 2010-10-18 06:58:47
首先,需要将one、two和three从char改为指向字符或字符数组的指针-- char只包含单个字符,而不是它们的字符串。
假设您使用指向char的指针,您可以这样做:
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
char *substr(char const *input, size_t start, size_t len) {
char *ret = malloc(len+1);
memcpy(ret, input+start, len);
ret[len] = '\0';
return ret;
}
int main() {
char *text = "Hello World.";
char *one = substr(text, 7, 4);
char *two = substr(text, 5, 2);
char *three = substr(text, 0, 5);
printf("\"%s\"\t\"%s\"\t\"%s\"\n", one, two, three);
free(one);
free(two);
free(three);
return 0;
}请注意,这会为子字符串动态分配内存。当字符串不再需要时,由调用者来释放它。还要注意,为了简单和清晰起见,我省略了错误检查。对于真实的代码,您需要在复制数据之前检查malloc是否返回了有效的(非空)指针。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3955601
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