Django静态文件

Question

我正在尝试开发一个与Django的网站遵循各种指南，文档和谷歌。我有一些平面页面设置，需要访问图像/css文件。

我的settings.py文件如下所示：

# Django settings for FirstBlog project.

DEBUG = True
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG

ADMINS = (
    # ('Your Name', 'your_email@example.com'),
)

MANAGERS = ADMINS

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', # Add 'postgresql_psycopg2', 'postgresql', 'mysql', 'sqlite3' or 'oracle'.
        'NAME': 'db',                      # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
        'USER': '',                      # Not used with sqlite3.
        'PASSWORD': '',                  # Not used with sqlite3.
        'HOST': '',                      # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
        'PORT': '',                      # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
    }
}

# Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
# although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
# On Unix systems, a value of None will cause Django to use the same
# timezone as the operating system.
# If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
# system time zone.
TIME_ZONE = 'America/Chicago'

# Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
# http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

SITE_ID = 3

# If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
# to load the internationalization machinery.
USE_I18N = True

# If you set this to False, Django will not format dates, numbers and
# calendars according to the current locale
USE_L10N = True

# Absolute filesystem path to the directory that will hold user-uploaded files.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/media/"
MEDIA_ROOT = ''

# URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
# trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://media.lawrence.com/media/", "http://example.com/media/"
MEDIA_URL = ''

# Absolute path to the directory static files should be collected to.
# Don't put anything in this directory yourself; store your static files
# in apps' "static/" subdirectories and in STATICFILES_DIRS.
# Example: "/home/media/media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_ROOT = '/export/mailgrp4_a/sc10jbr/WWWdev/FirstBlog/djangostatic/'

# URL prefix for static files.
# Example: "http://media.lawrence.com/static/"
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# URL prefix for admin static files -- CSS, JavaScript and images.
# Make sure to use a trailing slash.
# Examples: "http://foo.com/static/admin/", "/static/admin/".
ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/static/admin/'

# Additional locations of static files
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    '/export/mailgrp4_a/sc10jbr/WWWdev/FirstBlog/static/',
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/static" or "C:/www/django/static".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

# List of finder classes that know how to find static files in
# various locations.
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
#    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.DefaultStorageFinder',
)

# Make this unique, and don't share it with anybody.
SECRET_KEY = 'nc*v+e13e#!b+dq9mh-vwi0smy#r97#by1w7pvc36ez$j%rz1b'

# List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
    'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
    'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
#     'django.template.loaders.eggs.Loader',
)

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.flatpages.middleware.FlatpageFallbackMiddleware',
)

ROOT_URLCONF = 'FirstBlog.urls'

TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
    '/export/mailgrp4_a/sc10jbr/WWWdev/FirstBlog/templates',
    # Put strings here, like "/home/html/django_templates" or "C:/www/django/templates".
    # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
    # Don't forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
)

INSTALLED_APPS = (
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.sites',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'FirstBlog.blog',
    'django.contrib.flatpages',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    'django.contrib.admin',
    # Uncomment the next line to enable admin documentation:
    'django.contrib.admindocs',
)

# A sample logging configuration. The only tangible logging
# performed by this configuration is to send an email to
# the site admins on every HTTP 500 error.
# See http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/logging for
# more details on how to customize your logging configuration.
LOGGING = {
    'version': 1,
    'disable_existing_loggers': False,
    'handlers': {
        'mail_admins': {
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
        }
    },
    'loggers': {
        'django.request': {
            'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
            'level': 'ERROR',
            'propagate': True,
        },
    }
}

我已经把我的图片和css文件放在了FirstBlog/static/images和/css中。我运行了命令

python manage.py collectstatic

把我所有的文件都放到FirstBlog/djangostatic里了。

我正在尝试使用标签从我的扁平页面index.html访问图像：

src="{{ /static/ }}images/header.png"

我已经在我的urls.py文件中包含了这一行：

url(r'^static/(.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root':settings.STATIC_PATH}),

这给了我以下错误：

Name Error at /static

name 'settings' is not defined

Request Method:     GET
Request URL:    http://127.0.0.1:8000/static
Django Version:     1.3.1
Exception Type:     NameError
Exception Value:    

name 'settings' is not defined

Exception Location:     /home/cserv2_a/soc_ug/sc10jbr/WWWdev/FirstBlog/../FirstBlog/urls.py in <module>, line 19

我很抱歉，如果这是显而易见的，我花了几个小时在互联网上寻找。

提前感谢

Answer 1

请检查urls.py中是否导入了设置模块

Answer 2

Django是一个很棒的系统。功能丰富，但仍然简单，优雅和非常好的文档，具有出色的examples.....for除静态内容外的所有内容。我们在每个新的Django项目中都在努力解决这个问题。但我们最近用我们认为是“推荐”的方式解决了这个问题。

要记住的关键知识是Django不想直接为静态内容提供服务。它希望您将此负载卸载到底层you服务器(如Apache)。有一些方法可以强制Django为您提供服务--您甚至可能认为在一个公共平台上完成所有服务是个好主意。但是请相信我的话--您稍后会后悔的，并且希望您在这一点上遵循了Django的建议。

短篇故事：

这些设置放在'settings.py‘中

将STATIC_ROOT设置为您希望保存静态内容的完整文件系统路径。我建议您在常规web应用程序目录之外的地方。请记住，Apache将直接提供此服务，您不希望在您的脚下打开一个安全问题。

Set STATIC_ROOT = '/usr/local/static/MyProject/‘# include尾部斜杠

Set STATIC_URL = '/static/‘#没有理由对此过于花哨

Set ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = '/static/admin/‘#别忘了这个

确保设置了默认STATICFILES_FINDERS：

STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
    )

并确保INSTALLED_APPS设置包括“django.contrib.staticfiles”

并确保TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS包含'django.core.context_processors.static‘

-下一步

您需要将Apache配置为直接为静态内容提供服务器。在您的VirtualHost节中，添加如下内容：

Alias /static/  /usr/local/static/MyProject/

注意:将上面的路径替换为设置STATIC_ROOT时使用的相同路径

-下一步

在每个应用程序文件夹中，您希望添加到STATIC_ROOT中的任何内容都将收集到一个名为“static/”的子文件夹中。例如，如果你有一个名为'controller‘的应用程序，你应该有一个类似于'controller/static’的路径。

然后，在Django项目文件夹的顶部，运行manage.py的'collectstatic‘子命令。我们通常会创建一个脚本，然后运行它：

#!/usr/bin/sh
# Scrtipt to collect django static files together.
#
# --link    Create a symbolic link to each file instead of copying.
# --noinput Do NOT prompt the user for input of any kind.
#
python manage.py collectstatic -link --noinput
exit 0

就这样

您不需要在urls.py中创建任何条目-- Django永远看不到这些请求，因此添加路由条目没有意义。

不足之处

上面概述的方法的一个大缺点是，它无法使用Django testserver应用程序。我们从不将其用于任何工作，而且由于我们的最终结果将始终发布到Apache，我们发现只在那里进行开发会更好。如果您依赖于'testserver‘--有一些方法可以绕过这个限制。但是你需要在Django文档中挖掘一点https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static-files/

祝好运

Answer 3

添加到urls.py的开头

来自django.conf的

导入设置