我刚开始使用谷歌性能工具(ubuntu中的google-perftools和libgoogle-perftools4包),我发誓我用谷歌搜索了大约一天都没有找到答案!问题是,我无法通过CPU性能分析获得所有函数的结果。这是我的代码:
#include "gperftools/profiler.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
void bar()
{
int a,b,c,d,j,k;
a=0;
int z=0;
b = 1000;
while(z < b)
{
while (a < b)
{
d = sin(a);
c = cos(a);
j = tan(a);
k = tan(a);
k = d * c + j *k;
a++;
}
a = 0;
z++;
}
}
void foo()
{
cout << "hey " << endl;
}
int main()
{
ProfilerStart("/home/mohammad/gperf/dump.txt");
int a = 1000;
while(a--){foo();}
bar();
ProfilerFlush();
ProfilerStop();
}编译为g++ test.cc -lprofiler -o a.out
下面是我运行代码的方式:
CPUPROFILE=dump.txt ./a.out我也尝试过这个:
CPUPROFILE_FREQUENCY=10000 LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libprofiler.so.0.3.0 CPUPROFILE=dump.txt ./a.out这是我从google-pprof --text a.out dump.txt得到的
Using local file ./a.out.
Using local file ./dump.txt.
Total: 22 samples
8 36.4% 36.4% 8 36.4% 00d8cb04
6 27.3% 63.6% 6 27.3% bar
3 13.6% 77.3% 3 13.6% __cos (inline)
2 9.1% 86.4% 2 9.1% 00d8cab4
1 4.5% 90.9% 1 4.5% 00d8cab6
1 4.5% 95.5% 1 4.5% 00d8cb06
1 4.5% 100.0% 1 4.5% __write_nocancel
0 0.0% 100.0% 3 13.6% __cos但是没有关于foo函数的信息!
我的系统信息: ubuntu 12.04 g++ 4.6.3
这就是全部!
发布于 2014-06-02 02:28:28
TL;DR:foo太快太小了要获取性能分析事件,请再运行100次。频率设置有打字错误,pprof不会比CONFIG_HZ更频繁地采样(通常为250)。最好切换到更现代的Linux (tutorial from its authors、wikipedia)。
长版本:
您的foo函数太短太简单了-只需调用两个函数即可。使用g++ test.cc -lprofiler -o test.s -S -g编译了测试,并使用c++filt程序过滤test.s以使c++名称可读:
foo():
.LFB972:
.loc 1 27 0
pushq %rbp
movq %rsp, %rbp
.loc 1 28 0
movl $.LC0, %esi
movl std::cout, %edi
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::operator<< <std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&, char const*)
movl std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& std::endl<char, std::char_traits<char> >(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&), %esi
movq %rax, %rdi
call std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >::operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >& (*)(std::basic_ostream<char, std::char_traits<char> >&))
.loc 1 29 0
popq %rbp
ret
.LFE972:
.size foo(), .-foo()因此,要在配置文件中查看它,您应该多次运行foo,将main中的int a = 1000;更改为更大的值,如10000或更好的100000 (正如我在测试中所做的那样)。
此外,您可以修复不正确的"CPUPROFILE_FREQUENC=10000“以更正CPUPROFILE_FREQUENCY (请注意Y)。我应该说10000对于CPUPROFILE_FREQUENCY来说太高了,因为它通常每秒只能生成1000到250个事件,这取决于内核配置CONFIG_HZ (大多数3.x内核有250个事件,请查看grep CONFIG_HZ= /boot/config*)。而pprof中CPUPROFILE_FREQUENCY的默认设置是100。
我在Ubuntu14.04上使用bash script测试了CPUPROFILE_FREQUENCY的不同值: 100000、10000、1000、250
for a in 100000 100000 10000 10000 1000 1000 300 300 250 250; do
echo -n "$a ";
CPUPROFILE_FREQUENCY=$a CPUPROFILE=dump$a.txt ./test >/dev/null;
done并且结果是相同的120-140个事件和每个./test的运行时间大约0.5秒,所以来自google-perftools的cpuprofiler每秒处理的单线程事件数不能超过内核中设置的CONFIG_HZ (我有250个)。
100000 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 124/1/6584
100000 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 134/0/7864
10000 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 125/0/7488
10000 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 123/0/6960
1000 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 134/0/6264
1000 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 125/2/7272
300 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 137/2/7984
300 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 126/0/7216
250 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 123/3/6680
250 PROFILE: interrupts/evictions/bytes = 137/2/7352对于原始的a=1000,foo和cout的函数运行得太快,无法在每次运行时获得任何分析事件(甚至250个事件/秒),因此您没有foo,也没有任何输入/输出函数。在少量运行中,__write_nocancel可能获得采样事件,然后将报告来自libstdc++的foo和I/O函数(不在最顶部的某个位置,因此使用pprof或google-pprof的--text选项),自身事件计数为零,子事件计数为非零:
....
1 0.9% 99.1% 1 0.9% __write_nocancel
....
0 0.0% 100.0% 1 0.9% _IO_new_file_overflow
0 0.0% 100.0% 1 0.9% _IO_new_file_write
0 0.0% 100.0% 1 0.9% __GI__IO_putc
0 0.0% 100.0% 1 0.9% foo
0 0.0% 100.0% 1 0.9% new_do_write
0 0.0% 100.0% 1 0.9% std::endl
0 0.0% 100.0% 1 0.9% std::ostream::put对于a=100000,foo仍然太短太快,无法获取自己的事件,但I/O函数获得了几个事件。这是我从冗长的--text输出中摘取的列表:
34 24.6% 24.6% 34 24.6% __write_nocancel
1 0.7% 95.7% 35 25.4% __GI__IO_fflush
1 0.7% 96.4% 1 0.7% __GI__IO_putc
1 0.7% 97.8% 2 1.4% std::operator<<
1 0.7% 98.6% 36 26.1% std::ostream::flush
1 0.7% 99.3% 2 1.4% std::ostream::put
0 0.0% 100.0% 34 24.6% _IO_new_file_sync
0 0.0% 100.0% 34 24.6% _IO_new_file_write
0 0.0% 100.0% 40 29.0% foo
0 0.0% 100.0% 34 24.6% new_do_write
0 0.0% 100.0% 2 1.4% std::endl拥有零计数器的函数只能归功于pprof读取调用链的能力(如果不省略帧信息,它知道谁调用了获得样本的函数)。
我还可以推荐更现代、功能更强大的(软件和硬件事件,频率高达5 kHz或更高;用户空间和内核分析)和支持更好的分析器,即Linux分析器(tutorial from its authors、wikipedia)。
这是来自a=10000的perf的结果
$ perf record ./test3 >/dev/null
... skip some perf's spam about inaccessibility of kernel symbols
... note the 3 kHz frequency here VVVV
Lowering default frequency rate to 3250.
Please consider tweaking /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate.
[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.078 MB perf.data (~3386 samples) ]要从perf.data输出文件查看文本报告,我将使用less (因为perf report默认情况下会启动交互式配置文件浏览器):
$ perf report |less
... skip some extra info about the machine, kernel, and perf starting command
# Samples: 1K of event 'cycles'
# Event count (approx.): 1155264208
# Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol
41.94% test3 libm-2.19.so [.] __tan_sse2
16.95% test3 libm-2.19.so [.] __sin_sse2
13.40% test3 libm-2.19.so [.] __cos_sse2
4.93% test3 test3 [.] bar()
2.90% test3 libc-2.19.so [.] __GI___libc_write
....
0.20% test3 test3 [.] foo() 或使用perf report -n | less查看原始事件(示例)计数器:
# Overhead Samples Command Shared Object
41.94% 663 test3 libm-2.19.so [.] __tan_sse2
16.95% 268 test3 libm-2.19.so [.] __sin_sse2
13.40% 212 test3 libm-2.19.so [.] __cos_sse2
4.93% 78 test3 test3 [.] bar()
2.90% 62 test3 libc-2.19.so [.] __GI___libc_write
....
0.20% 4 test3 test3 [.] foo() 发布于 2013-05-15 01:31:55
尝试将LD_PRELOAD设置为
LD_PRELOAD=/usr/local/lib/libprofiler.so
当传递一个不以.so后缀结尾的共享库时,它会发生looks like there are problems。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10874308
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