blocks|key|4484324|text|使用包装器覆盖malloc()、/free()和new()/delete()，这些包装器跟踪分配的大小以及它们的来源(通过记录调用堆栈并稍后根据符号表进行解析)。关机时，让您的包装器显示仍分配的任何内存。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4484325|这将使你们都能够找出最大的分配位置，并捕获任何泄漏。|4484326|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Override malloc()/free() and new()/delete() with wrappers that keep track of how big the allocations are and (by recording the callstack and later resolving it against the symbol table) where they are made from. On shutdown, have your wrapper display any memory still allocated.

This should enable you both to work out where the largest allocations are and to catch any leaks.

blocks|key|700992|text|我使用内存跟踪应用程序的this+is+description/skeleton将游戏的内存消耗减少了20%25。它帮助我跟踪了许多由外部模块完成的分配。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|700993|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://msinilo.pl/blog/?cat=7^0|C|S|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

<a href="http://msinilo.pl/blog/?cat=7" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this is description/skeleton</a> of memory tracing application I used to reduce memory consumption of our game by 20%. It helped me to track many allocations done by external modules.

blocks|key|4484260|text|这不是一件容易的事。从追踪你能找到的任何内存泄漏开始(Rational+Purify是一个很好的工具)。浏览源代码，并尝试优化数据结构和/或算法。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|4484261|如果这听起来很悲观，很抱歉，但是减少50%25的内存使用听起来并不现实。|4484262|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www-01.ibm.com/software/awdtools/purify/^0|R|F|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]]]

It's not an easy task. Begin by chasing down any memory leaks you cand find (a good tool would be <a href="http://www-01.ibm.com/software/awdtools/purify/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Rational Purify</a>). Skim the source code and try to optimize data structures and/or algorithms. 
Sorry if this may sound pessimistic, but cutting down memory usage by 50% doesn't sound realistic.

blocks|key|4484410|text|你有可能很快发现一些显着的低效。首先，你应该检查内存是用来做什么的。我发现一个非常方便的工具是Memory+Validator|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|4484411|一旦你有了这个“内存使用图”，你就可以检查低挂果了。是否有任何数据结构消耗大量内存，可以用更紧凑的形式表示？这通常是可能的，特别是。当数据访问被很好地封装，并且当您有空闲的CPU能力时，您可以专门在每次访问时压缩/解压缩它们。|4484412|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.vmvalidator.com/cpp/memory/index.html^0|1B|G|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]]]

There is a chance is you can find some significant inefficiencies very fast. First you should check what is the memory used for. A tool which I have found very handy for this is <a href="http://www.vmvalidator.com/cpp/memory/index.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Memory Validator</a>

Once you have this "memory usage map", you can check for Low Hanging Fruit. Are there any data structures consuming a lot of memory which could be represented in a more compact form? This is often possible, esp. when the data access is well encapsulated and when you have a spare CPU power you can dedicate to compressing / decompressing them on each access.

blocks|key|951851|text|我认为你的问题不是很恰当。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|951852|源代码的大小与内存占用没有直接关系。当然，编译后的代码会占用一些内存，但应用程序可能会有自己的内存需求。静态(代码中声明的变量)和动态(应用程序创建的对象)。|951853|我建议您分析程序的执行情况，并仔细研究代码。|951854|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

I don't think your question is well posed.

The size of source code is not directly related to the memory footprint. Sure, the compiled code will occupy some memory but the application might will have memory requirements on it's own. Both static (the variables declared in the code) and dynamic (the object the application creates).

I would suggest you to profile program execution and study the code carefully.

blocks|key|4484384|text|对于我来说，首先开始的地方是：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4484385|应用程序是否做了大量预分配内存以供以后使用？这些记忆是不是经常闲置不用，从不分发？根据需要考虑切换到更新/删除(或者更好地使用smart_ptr)。|4484386|代码是否使用静态数组，如|4484387|Object+arrayOfObjs[MAX_THAT_WILL_EVER_BE_USED];|code-block|syntax|javascript|4484388|并在此数组中分发对象？如果是这样，请考虑手动管理此内存。|4484389|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|H|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$I|J]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|M|3|-4|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|N|$]]

First places to start for me would be:

Does the application do a lot of preallocation memory to be used later? Does this memory often sit around unused, never handed out? Consider switching to newing/deleting (or better use a smart_ptr) as needed. 

Does the code use a static array such as

<pre><code>Object arrayOfObjs[MAX_THAT_WILL_EVER_BE_USED];
</code></pre>

and hand out objs in this array? If so, consider manually managing this memory.

blocks|key|951985|text|可用于free+download+from+Microsoft的LeakDiag是用于内存使用分析的工具之一。显然，它允许将所有用户模式分配器挂钩到VirtualAlloc，并随时将进程分配快照转储到XML中。然后，可以使用这些快照来确定哪些调用堆栈分配了最多的内存，以及哪些调用堆栈正在泄漏。它缺乏用于快照分析的良好前端(除非您可以通过Microsoft+Premier支持获得LDParser/LDGrapher+)，但所有数据都在那里。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|951986|另一件要注意的事情是，由于缓存，您可能会从BSTR分配器获得错误的泄漏肯定，请参阅"Hey,+why+am+I+leaking+all+my+BSTR's?"|951987|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/PSS/Tools/Developer%2520Support%2520Tools/LeakDiag/|1|http://blogs.msdn.com/larryosterman/archive/2004/09/28/235304.aspx^0|3|S|0|0|15|12|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]]]

One of the tools for memory usage analysis is LeakDiag, available for <a href="ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/PSS/Tools/Developer%20Support%20Tools/LeakDiag/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">free download from Microsoft</a>. It apparently allows to hook all user-mode allocators down to VirtualAlloc and to dump process allocation snapshots to XML at any time. These snapshots then can be used to determine which call stacks allocate most memory and which call stacks are leaking. It lacks pretty frontend for snapshot analysis (unless you can get LDParser/LDGrapher via Microsoft Premier Support), but all the data is there.

One more thing to note is that you may have false leak positives from BSTR allocator due to caching, see <a href="http://blogs.msdn.com/larryosterman/archive/2004/09/28/235304.aspx" rel="nofollow noreferrer">"Hey, why am I leaking all my BSTR's?"</a>

Suppose you have a fairly large (~2.2 MLOC), fairly old (started more than 10 years ago) Windows desktop application in C/C++. About 10% of modules are external and don't have sources, only debug symbols.

How would you go about reducing application's memory footprint in half? At least, what would you do to find out where memory is consumed?

Reducing memory footprint of large unfamiliar codebase

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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假设您有一个相当大(约2.2MLOC)、相当旧(开始于10多年前)的C/C++ Windows桌面应用程序。大约10%的模块是外部的，没有源代码，只有调试符号。您将如何将应用程序的内存使用量减半？至少，您会做些什么来找出内存被消耗的位置？

问减少不熟悉的大型代码库的内存占用
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