blocks|key|748946|text|以下是我到目前为止测试过的简短列表(除了您已经提到的F#+)：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|748947|748948|Haskell+(静态类型的，纯的)--注意免费的电子书Real+World+Haskell，里面有你需要知道的关于it|ordered-list-item|offset|length|748949|Clojure的一切(动态类型的，unpure)|748950|Scala+(静态类型的，不纯的)-与Java|748951|Newspeak|748952|Erlang的完全(双向)互操作-为轻松处理并发|748953|而设计|748954|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.haskell.org/|1|http://www.realworldhaskell.org/|2|http://clojure.org/|3|http://www.scala-lang.org/|4|http://bracha.org/Site/Newspeak.html|5|http://erlang.org/^0|0|0|0|7|0|S|I|1|0|0|7|2|0|0|5|3|0|0|8|4|0|0|6|5|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|C|3|D|5|E|7|1B|8|@]|9|@$F|1C|G|1D|1|1E]|$F|1F|G|1G|1|1H]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|E|7|1I|8|@]|9|@$F|1J|G|1K|1|1L]]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|E|7|1M|8|@]|9|@$F|1N|G|1O|1|1P]]|A|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|E|7|1Q|8|@]|9|@$F|1R|G|1S|1|1T]]|A|$]]|$1|N|3|O|5|E|7|1U|8|@]|9|@$F|1V|G|1W|1|1X]]|A|$]]|$1|P|3|Q|5|6|7|1Y|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|R|3|-4|5|6|7|1Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|S|$T|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|Y]]|Z|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|10]]|11|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|12]]|13|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|14]]|15|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|16]]|17|$5|U|V|W|A|$X|18]]]]

Here's a short list of those I've tested so far (except for F#, which you've already mentioned):

<ol>
<li><a href="http://www.haskell.org" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Haskell</a> (statically typed, pure) - Mind the free ebook <a href="http://www.realworldhaskell.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Real World Haskell</a>, with everything you need to know about it</li>
<li><a href="http://clojure.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Clojure</a> (dynamically typed, unpure)</li>
<li><a href="http://www.scala-lang.org" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Scala</a> (statically typed, unpure) - full (two way) interop with Java</li>
<li><a href="http://bracha.org/Site/Newspeak.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Newspeak</a></li>
<li><a href="http://erlang.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Erlang</a> - made for easily handling concurrency</li>
</ol>

blocks|key|4091480|text|我很高兴像ML+(Caml)，Haskell和Erlang这样的古老作品被冒充“新”。Scala确实很新，而F#是将旧语言ML改编到.NET框架中的一种尝试，肯定会很有趣。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4091481|如果你想要一些真正新鲜的东西，Agda是“新的Haskell”。Agda结合了从有20年历史的语言(如Haskell+)和有30年历史的语言(如ML+)中学到的许多经验，并用最新的类型系统工作突破了极限。保证让你的头爆炸或双倍的钱回来！|offset|length|4091482|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://wiki.portal.chalmers.se/agda/agda.php?n=Main.HomePage^0|0|F|4|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

I'm amused that ancient work like ML (Caml), Haskell, and Erlang is being passed off as "new." Scala is genuinely new, and F# is an attempt to adapt an old language ML into the .NET framework and is bound to be interesting. 

If you want something really new, <a href="http://wiki.portal.chalmers.se/agda/agda.php?n=Main.HomePage" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Agda</a> is "the new Haskell". Agda incorporates the many lessons learned from 20-year-old languages like Haskell and 30-year-old languages like ML, and it pushes the envelope with the very latest work in type systems. Guaranteed to make your head explode or double your money back!

blocks|key|2668684|text|希望将OCaml添加到组合中。我之所以被它所吸引，是因为它对性能有着强烈的关注。如果我理解正确的话，F#是从OCaml派生出来的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2668685|但它不仅仅是函数式的，它也非常适合命令式编程。|2668686|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://caml.inria.fr/^0|3|5|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]]]

Would like to add <a href="http://caml.inria.fr/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">OCaml</a> to the mix. I was attracted to it because it has a strong focus on performance. If I understand it right, F# is derived from OCaml.

But it is not just functional, it's well suited to imperative programming aswell.

blocks|key|4091455|text|Haskell已经存在一段时间了，已经完成了很多基本的东西(足以编写可靠的生产应用程序)，但在许多方面，它仍然是一种学术语言。这是一件很美好的事情，真的:作为一名商业程序员，我可以很好地完成我的工作，但我有能力使用其他语言中没有的一些更有趣的概念和技术，而不需要切换到我无法部署日常代码的方言。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4091456|当用Haskell编程时，看到未来如此之近，你可以触摸到它，这是一件令人着迷的事情。|4091457|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Haskell has been around for a while, and a whole lot of basic stuff (enough for writing solid production applications) is done, but in many ways it's still an academic language. This is a beautiful thing, really: as a commercial programmer, I can get my job done well, yet I've got the ability to dip into some of the more interesting concepts and techniques that are not available in other languages without switching into dialects where I can't deploy my day-to-day code.

When programming in Haskell, it's fascinating to see the future so close that you can touch it.

blocks|key|2668771|text|一种新的函数式语言，主要关注元编程：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2668772|http://www.meta-alternative.net/mbase.html|offset|length|2668773|一些例子：http://www.meta-alternative.net/pfront.pdf|2668774|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|1|http://www.meta-alternative.net/pfront.pdf^0|0|0|16|0|0|5|16|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@$D|S|E|T|1|U]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@$D|W|E|X|1|Y]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|C]]|O|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|P]]]]

A new functional language with a main focus on metaprogramming:

<a href="http://www.meta-alternative.net/mbase.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.meta-alternative.net/mbase.html</a>

Some examples: <a href="http://www.meta-alternative.net/pfront.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.meta-alternative.net/pfront.pdf</a>

blocks|key|311009|text|Nemerle是一种函数式的、静态类型的语言，具有对.NET的广泛元编程支持。像F#一样，它受到ML的启发，但它的语法与C#非常相似，这使得它更具可读性。Nemerle中的类型推断甚至比ML的更强大，允许它在存在重载的情况下从使用中推断类型。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|311010|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://nemerle.org/^0|0|7|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

<a href="http://nemerle.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Nemerle</a> is a functional, statically typed language with extensive metaprogramming support for .NET. Like F#, it was inspired by ML, but it's syntax follows closely to C#, making it much more readable. Type inference in Nemerle is even more powerful than ML's, allowing it to infer types from usage in presence of overloading.

blocks|key|4091420|text|OCaml、Haskell、Scheme和特定于领域的编程语言，如R(统计)、Mathematica+(符号数学)、J和K(金融分析)以及XSLT+(XML)|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4091421|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Erlang, OCaml, Haskell, Scheme and domain-specific programming languages like R (statistics),Mathematica (symbolic math), J and K (financial analysis), and XSLT (XML)

blocks|key|2661047|text|好吧，如果你想要更新的，试试巴别塔-17。唯一的问题:它还没有实现:-)但是有一个规范。查看http://www.babel-17.com。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2661048|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.babel-17.com/^0|1A|N|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Well, if you want really new, try Babel-17. Only catch: there is no implementation of it yet :-) But there is a spec. Check out <a href="http://www.babel-17.com" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.babel-17.com</a> .

blocks|key|310963|text|函数式编程现在已经在主流中被采用，因此以前仅限于学术界的驱动现在已经分裂为学术和工业实现。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|310964|F#是正在开发中的工业函数式语言的一个备受瞩目的例子(here是John+Conway用32行F#编写的图形用户界面的生活游戏的例子，here是我关于F#的书)。其他人包括Rich+Hickey的Clojure和我自己的HLVM。|offset|length|310965|最近学术界推出的备受瞩目的函数式语言是ATSLang和Scala。|310966|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://fsharpnews.blogspot.com/2010/02/john-conways-game-of-life-in-32-lines.html|1|http://www.ffconsultancy.com/products/fsharp_for_technical_computing/|2|http://clojure.org/|3|http://www.ffconsultancy.com/ocaml/hlvm/^0|0|R|4|0|1V|4|1|2Q|7|2|32|4|3|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@$D|X|E|Y|1|Z]|$D|10|E|11|1|12]|$D|13|E|14|1|15]|$D|16|E|17|1|18]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]|P|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|Q]]|R|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|S]]|T|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|U]]]]

Functional programming has now been adopted in the mainstream so what was formerly an academics-only drive has now split into academic and industrial implementations.

F# is a high profile example of an industrial functional language in development (<a href="http://fsharpnews.blogspot.com/2010/02/john-conways-game-of-life-in-32-lines.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a> is an example of John Conway's Game of Life with GUI written in 32 lines of F#, <a href="http://www.ffconsultancy.com/products/fsharp_for_technical_computing/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a> is my book on F#). Others include <a href="http://clojure.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Clojure</a> by Rich Hickey and <a href="http://www.ffconsultancy.com/ocaml/hlvm/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">HLVM</a> by myself.

Recent high profile functional languages from academia are ATSLang and Scala.

Functional programming has been around since at least 1958 (creation of Lisp), but is experiencing a renaissance now with old functional languages being dusted off and new functional languages being created. 

Which functional languages are there that are newly developed or are in the making? 

I realize that you can write purely functional programs in most high level languages, so with functional languages I imply languages that are specifically designed for functional programming such as F#.

If you have links to tutorials, wikis or code examples I encourage you to add them to your answer!

New functional languages

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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函数式编程至少在1958年(Lisp的创建)就已经出现了，但现在正在经历一场复兴，旧的函数式语言正在被抛弃，新的函数式语言正在被创建。哪些函数式语言是新开发的或正在形成中的？我意识到您可以用大多数高级语言编写纯粹的函数式程序，因此对于函数式语言，我指的是专门为函数式编程设计的语言，如F#。如果您有教程、wiki或代码示例的链接，我鼓励您将它们添加到您的答案中！

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