blocks|key|2653370|text|Parrot是一个专门为处理多种语言而设计的虚拟机，尤其是动态语言。尽管涉及到一些有趣的技术，但由于它可以处理多种语言，它将能够跨越语言边界。例如，一旦它可以编译Ruby、Perl和Python，就应该很容易跨越这些界限，让我可以使用Python中的Ruby库、Python中的Perl库，以及我喜欢的任何组合。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2653371|Parrot起源于Perl世界，许多从事这项工作的人都是有经验的Perl人员。Parrot没有使用当前的Perl解释器，而是允许Perl具有诸如可分发的预编译模块(其他所有人都已经拥有很长时间了)和更智能的垃圾收集器等特性。|2653372|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.parrotcode.org/^0|0|6|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]]]

<A href="http://www.parrotcode.org/" rel="noreferrer">Parrot</a> is a virtual machine specifically designed to handle several languages, especially the dynamic languages. Despite some of the interesting technology involved, since it can handle more than one language, it will be able to cross language boundaries. For instance, once it can compile Ruby, Perl, and Python, it should be easy to cross those boundaries to let me use a Ruby library in Python, a Perl library from Python, so whatever combination that I like.

Parrot started in the Perl world and many of the people working on it are experienced Perl people. Instead of using the current Perl interpreter, which is showing its age, Parrot allows Perl to have features such as distributable pre-compiled modules (which everyone else has had for a long time) and a smarter garbage collector.

blocks|key|2661430|text|Chris介绍了面向用户的不同之处，因此我将介绍另一方面。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2661431|Parrot是基于寄存器的而不是基于堆栈的。这意味着编译器开发人员可以更容易地优化为给定代码段分配寄存器的方式。此外，从Parrot字节码到机器码的编译在理论上可以比基于堆栈的代码更快，因为我们运行基于寄存器的系统，并且有更多优化它们的经验。|2661432|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Chris covered the user-facing differences, so I'll cover the other side.

Parrot is register-based rather than stack-based. What that means is that compiler developers can more easily optimize the way in which the registers should be allocated for a given piece of code. In addition, the compilation from Parrot bytecode to machine code can, in theory, be faster than stack-based code since we run register-based systems and have a lot more experience optimizing for them.

blocks|key|2661412|text|Parrot是一个字节码解释器(将来可能会使用JIT+)。想想Java和它的虚拟机，除了Java+(目前)更多地面向静态语言，而Parrot一开始就面向动态语言。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2661413|另请参阅Cody的优秀答案！强烈推荐。|2661414|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

Parrot is a bytecode interpreter (possibly with a JIT at a future stage). Think Java and its virtual machine, except that Java is (at the moment) more geared towards static languages, and Parrot is geared towards dynamic languages from the beginning.

Also see Cody's excellent answer! Highly recommended.

blocks|key|741338|text|其他人已经给出了很好的答案，所以我剩下的就是解释“动态”语言的实际含义。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|741339|在虚拟机的上下文中，这意味着变量的类型在编译时是未知的。在“静态”语言中，类型(或者至少是它的父类)在编译时是已知的，并且许多优化都建立在这种知识的基础上。|741340|另一方面，在动态语言中，您可能知道变量是否包含容器类型(如数组)或标量(字符串、数字等)，但在编译时获得的类型信息要少得多。|741341|另一个特征是动态语言通常使类型转换变得容易得多，例如在perl和javascript中，如果您使用字符串作为数字，它会自动转换为数字。|741342|Parrot的设计目的是让这些操作变得简单和快速，并允许在编译时不知道类型信息的情况下进行优化。|741343|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|Q|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|K|$]]

Others have given excellent answers, so what remains for me is to explain what "dynamic" languages actually mean.

In the context of a virtual machine it means that the type of a variable is not known at compile time. In "static" languages the type (or at least a parent class of it) is known at compile time, and many optimizations build on that knowledge.

On the other hand in dynamic languages you might know if a variable holds a container type (like an array) or a scalar (string, number, ...), but you have much less type information at compile time.

Another characteristic is that dynamic languages usually make type conversions much easier, for example in perl and javascript if you use a string as a number, it is automatically converted to a number.

Parrot is designed to make such operations easy and fast, and to allow optimizations without knowing having type informations at compile time.

blocks|key|295725|text|这是Official+Parrot+Wiki。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|295726|你可以在那里找到很多信息和链接。|295727|Parrot主页的底部还显示了来自Planet+Parrot提要聚合器的最新标题。|295728|除了VM之外，Parrot项目正在构建一个非常强大的工具链，以使移植现有语言或开发新语言变得更容易。|295729|Parrot还将为许多强大的Perl6新特性提供其他语言的幕后支持(有关Perl6的更多信息，请参阅Official+Perl+6+Wiki+)。|295730|Parrot将提供不同语言的模块之间的互操作性，因此，例如，其他语言可以利用CPAN的巨大Perl+6版本(庞大的Perl+5模块存档，Perl+6将能够通过即将推出的Perl+5.12访问它)。|295731|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.perlfoundation.org/parrot/index.cgi?parrot|1|http://planet.parrotcode.org/|2|http://www.perlfoundation.org/perl6/index.cgi?perl_6^0|2|K|0|0|0|H|D|1|0|0|1E|K|2|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@$A|10|B|11|1|12]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|13|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@$A|15|B|16|1|17]]|C|$]]|$1|H|3|I|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|J|3|K|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@$A|1A|B|1B|1|1C]]|C|$]]|$1|L|3|M|5|6|7|1D|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]|$1|N|3|-4|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|O|$P|$5|Q|R|S|C|$T|U]]|V|$5|Q|R|S|C|$T|W]]|X|$5|Q|R|S|C|$T|Y]]]]

Here is The <a href="http://www.perlfoundation.org/parrot/index.cgi?parrot" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Official Parrot Wiki</a>.

You can find lots of info and links there.

The bottom of the Parrot wiki home page also displays the latest headlines from the <a href="http://planet.parrotcode.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Planet Parrot</a> feed aggregator.

In addition to the VM, the Parrot project is building a very powerful tool chain to make it easier to port existing languages, or develop new one.

The Parrot VM will also provide other languages under-the-covers support for many powerful new Perl 6 features (please see the <a href="http://www.perlfoundation.org/perl6/index.cgi?perl_6" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Official Perl 6 Wiki</a> for more Perl 6 info). 

Parrot will provide interoperability between modules of differing languages, so that for example, other languages can take advantage of what will become the huge Perl 6 version of CPAN (the vast Perl 5 module archive, which Perl 6 will be able to access via the forthcoming Perl 5.12).

blocks|key|2661506|text|说实话，我不知道这有什么大不了的。它已经走了很长的路，但并没有看到太多的用处。主要的目标语言还没有真正到来，并且已经失去了行业专业人士的巨大心智共享。与此同时，像.Net这样的其他解决方案和像Jython这样的项目向我们表明，此时此地可以击败任何感知到的炒作。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2661507|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

Honestly, I didn't know it was that big of a deal. It has come a long way, but just isn't seeing much use. The main target language has yet to really arrive, and has lost a huge mind-share among the industry professionals. Meanwhile, other solutions like .Net and projects like Jython show us that the here-and-now can beat out any perceived hype.

blocks|key|2661523|text|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2661524|Parrot将成为java的目标，但从未实现--一个适用于所有操作系统和平台的vm+|unordered-list-item|2661525|Parrot将为任何动态语言实现微软公共语言运行库背后的思想，并且真正的|2661526|是并且将是免费和开源的|2661527|+Parrot将成为使用动态语言进行开源编程的事实上的标准|2661528|2661529|entityMap^0|0|0|0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|-4|4|5|6|M|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|A|3|B|4|C|6|N|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|D|3|E|4|C|6|O|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|F|3|G|4|C|6|P|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|H|3|I|4|C|6|Q|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|4|5|6|R|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]|$1|K|3|-4|4|5|6|S|7|@]|8|@]|9|$]]]|L|$]]

<ul>
<li>Parrot will be what java aimed for but never achieved - a vm for all
OS's and platforms </li>
<li>Parrot will implement the ideas behind the Microsoft's Common Language Runtime for any dynamic language and truly cross-platform</li>
<li>On top of everything Parrot is and will be free and open source</li>
<li>Parrot will become the de facto standard for open source programming with dynamic languages</li>
</ul>

I understand that Parrot is a virtual machine, but I feel like I'm not completely grasping the idea behind it.

As I understand, it's a virtual machine that's being made to handle multiple languages. Is this correct? 

What are the advantages of using a virtual machine instead of just an interpreter? 

What specifically is Parrot doing that makes it such a big deal?

What exactly is Parrot?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我知道Parrot是一个虚拟机，但我觉得我并没有完全理解它背后的思想。据我所知，它是一个可以处理多种语言的虚拟机。这是正确的吗？使用虚拟机而不仅仅是解释器的优势是什么？Parrot到底在做什么，让它变得如此重要？

问Parrot到底是什么？
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