(distutil + shutil) * copytree =？

Question

我想要shutil的复制树函数提供的忽略模式。我希望src树替换目标目录中的所有现有文件/文件夹，比如distutil.dir_util.copy_tree。

我是一个相当新的Python用户，似乎找不到任何关于这方面的帖子。

Answer 1

我早些时候想说这个，但是我没有。http://docs.python.org/library/shutil.html有一个版本的复制树函数。我查看了一下它，看看它是否只会替换现有的文件，从我所能断定的情况来看，它会覆盖现有的文件，但如果有任何目录已经存在，它就会失败。如果目录已经存在，则会导致os.mkdirs失败。

所需的导入：

import os
import os.path
import shutil

从http://code.activestate.com/recipes/82465-a-friendly-mkdir/获取_mkdir (那里的一个评论者提到os.mkdirs具有大多数相同的行为，但没有注意到如果要创建的任何目录已经存在，_mkdir不会失败)

def _mkdir(newdir):
    """works the way a good mkdir should :)
        - already exists, silently complete
        - regular file in the way, raise an exception
        - parent directory(ies) does not exist, make them as well
    """
    if os.path.isdir(newdir):
        pass
    elif os.path.isfile(newdir):
        raise OSError("a file with the same name as the desired " \
                      "dir, '%s', already exists." % newdir)
    else:
        head, tail = os.path.split(newdir)
        if head and not os.path.isdir(head):
            _mkdir(head)
        #print "_mkdir %s" % repr(newdir)
        if tail:
            os.mkdir(newdir)

虽然它不需要像os.mkdirs这样的mode参数，但copytree不使用它，所以不需要它。

然后将copytree更改为调用_mkdir而不是os.mkdirs

def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False):
    """Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().

    The destination directory must not already exist.
    If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons.

    If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the
    source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if
    it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic
    links are copied.

    XXX Consider this example code rather than the ultimate tool.

    """
    names = os.listdir(src)
    # os.makedirs(dst)
    _mkdir(dst) # XXX
    errors = []
    for name in names:
        srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
        dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
        try:
            if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):
                linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
                os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
            elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
                copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks)
            else:
                shutil.copy2(srcname, dstname)
            # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?
        except (IOError, os.error), why:
            errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
        # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
        # continue with other files
        except Error, err:
            errors.extend(err.args[0])
    try:
        shutil.copystat(src, dst)
    except WindowsError:
        # can't copy file access times on Windows
        pass

Answer 2

只需扩展Dan的答案，合并ignore参数并将shutil添加到'Error‘类(适用于copytree)：

def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
    """Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().

    The destination directory must not already exist.
    If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons.

    If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the
    source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if
    it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic
    links are copied.

    XXX Consider this example code rather than the ultimate tool.

    """
    names = os.listdir(src)
    if ignore is not None:
        ignored_names = ignore(src, names)
    else:
        ignored_names = set()

    _mkdir(dst) # XXX
    errors = []
    for name in names:
        if name in ignored_names:
            continue
        srcname = os.path.join(src, name)
        dstname = os.path.join(dst, name)
        try:
            if symlinks and os.path.islink(srcname):
                linkto = os.readlink(srcname)
                os.symlink(linkto, dstname)
            elif os.path.isdir(srcname):
                copytree(srcname, dstname, symlinks, ignore)
            else:
                shutil.copy2(srcname, dstname)
            # XXX What about devices, sockets etc.?
        except (IOError, os.error), why:
            errors.append((srcname, dstname, str(why)))
        # catch the Error from the recursive copytree so that we can
        # continue with other files
        except shutil.Error, err:
            errors.extend(err.args[0])
    try:
        shutil.copystat(src, dst)
    except WindowsError:
        # can't copy file access times on Windows
        pass

Answer 3

这是一个同时使用distutils和shutil的变通方法：

ignorePatterns=('.git')
shutil.copytree(src, "__TMP__", ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns(ignorePatterns))
distutils.dir_util.copy_tree("__TMP__", dest)
distutils.dir_util.remove_tree("__TMP__")

注意:这不是一种有效的方法，因为它将相同的文件复制两次。