如何对linux服务器上的neo4j数据进行备份和恢复？

Question

我在我的linux服务器上使用了ne4j-community-2.2.5。我正在尝试备份并将neo4j数据恢复到另一台linux服务器。当我尝试启动服务器时，它在日志文件中显示以下错误。

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2015-10-16 08:02:20.757+0000 INFO  [API] Setting startup timeout to: 120000ms based on 120000
2015-10-16 08:02:21.266+0000 ERROR [API] Failed to start database.
java.lang.RuntimeException: Error starting org.neo4j.kernel.EmbeddedGraphDatabase, /usr/local/neo4j-community-2.2.5/data/graph.db
	at org.neo4j.kernel.InternalAbstractGraphDatabase.run(InternalAbstractGraphDatabase.java:335) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.EmbeddedGraphDatabase.<init>(EmbeddedGraphDatabase.java:59) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.database.LifecycleManagingDatabase$1.newGraphDatabase(LifecycleManagingDatabase.java:44) ~[neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.database.LifecycleManagingDatabase.start(LifecycleManagingDatabase.java:110) ~[neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport$LifecycleInstance.start(LifeSupport.java:507) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport.start(LifeSupport.java:115) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.AbstractNeoServer.start(AbstractNeoServer.java:203) ~[neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.Bootstrapper.start(Bootstrapper.java:117) ~[neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.Bootstrapper.main(Bootstrapper.java:69) ~[neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
Caused by: org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifecycleException: Component 'org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLockerLifecycleAdapter@fef4f5a' was successfully initialized, but failed to start. Please see attached cause exception.
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport$LifecycleInstance.start(LifeSupport.java:513) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport.start(LifeSupport.java:115) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.InternalAbstractGraphDatabase.run(InternalAbstractGraphDatabase.java:331) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	... 8 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLockException: Unable to obtain lock on store lock file: /usr/local/neo4j-community-2.2.5/data/graph.db/store_lock. Please ensure no other process is using this database, and that the directory is writable (required even for read-only access)
	at org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLocker.checkLock(StoreLocker.java:78) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLockerLifecycleAdapter.start(StoreLockerLifecycleAdapter.java:44) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport$LifecycleInstance.start(LifeSupport.java:507) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	... 10 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /usr/local/neo4j-community-2.2.5/data/graph.db/store_lock (Permission denied)
	at java.io.RandomAccessFile.open(Native Method) ~[na:1.7.0_25]
	at java.io.RandomAccessFile.<init>(RandomAccessFile.java:233) ~[na:1.7.0_25]
	at org.neo4j.io.fs.DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.open(DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.java:54) ~[neo4j-io-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.io.fs.DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.open(DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.java:45) ~[neo4j-io-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLocker.checkLock(StoreLocker.java:73) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	... 12 common frames omitted
2015-10-16 08:02:21.267+0000 INFO  [API] Successfully shutdown Neo4j Server.
2015-10-16 08:02:21.268+0000 ERROR [API] Failed to start Neo Server on port [7474]
org.neo4j.server.ServerStartupException: Starting Neo4j Server failed: Component 'org.neo4j.server.database.LifecycleManagingDatabase@34e2e2f2' was successfully initialized, but failed to start. Please see attached cause exception.
	at org.neo4j.server.AbstractNeoServer.start(AbstractNeoServer.java:258) ~[neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.Bootstrapper.start(Bootstrapper.java:117) [neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.Bootstrapper.main(Bootstrapper.java:69) [neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
Caused by: org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifecycleException: Component 'org.neo4j.server.database.LifecycleManagingDatabase@34e2e2f2' was successfully initialized, but failed to start. Please see attached cause exception.
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport$LifecycleInstance.start(LifeSupport.java:513) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport.start(LifeSupport.java:115) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.AbstractNeoServer.start(AbstractNeoServer.java:203) ~[neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	... 2 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error starting org.neo4j.kernel.EmbeddedGraphDatabase, /usr/local/neo4j-community-2.2.5/data/graph.db
	at org.neo4j.kernel.InternalAbstractGraphDatabase.run(InternalAbstractGraphDatabase.java:335) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.EmbeddedGraphDatabase.<init>(EmbeddedGraphDatabase.java:59) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.database.LifecycleManagingDatabase$1.newGraphDatabase(LifecycleManagingDatabase.java:44) ~[neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.server.database.LifecycleManagingDatabase.start(LifecycleManagingDatabase.java:110) ~[neo4j-server-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport$LifecycleInstance.start(LifeSupport.java:507) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	... 4 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifecycleException: Component 'org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLockerLifecycleAdapter@fef4f5a' was successfully initialized, but failed to start. Please see attached cause exception.
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport$LifecycleInstance.start(LifeSupport.java:513) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport.start(LifeSupport.java:115) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.InternalAbstractGraphDatabase.run(InternalAbstractGraphDatabase.java:331) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	... 8 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLockException: Unable to obtain lock on store lock file: /usr/local/neo4j-community-2.2.5/data/graph.db/store_lock. Please ensure no other process is using this database, and that the directory is writable (required even for read-only access)
	at org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLocker.checkLock(StoreLocker.java:78) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLockerLifecycleAdapter.start(StoreLockerLifecycleAdapter.java:44) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport$LifecycleInstance.start(LifeSupport.java:507) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	... 10 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /usr/local/neo4j-community-2.2.5/data/graph.db/store_lock (Permission denied)
	at java.io.RandomAccessFile.open(Native Method) ~[na:1.7.0_25]
	at java.io.RandomAccessFile.<init>(RandomAccessFile.java:233) ~[na:1.7.0_25]
	at org.neo4j.io.fs.DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.open(DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.java:54) ~[neo4j-io-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.io.fs.DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.open(DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.java:45) ~[neo4j-io-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	at org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLocker.checkLock(StoreLocker.java:73) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
	... 12 common frames omitted

​

Answer 1

stackTrace非常明确：

Caused by: org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLockException: Unable to obtain lock on store lock file: /usr/local/neo4j-community-2.2.5/data/graph.db/store_lock. Please ensure no other process is using this database, and that the directory is writable (required even for read-only access)
    at org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLocker.checkLock(StoreLocker.java:78) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
    at org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLockerLifecycleAdapter.start(StoreLockerLifecycleAdapter.java:44) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
    at org.neo4j.kernel.lifecycle.LifeSupport$LifecycleInstance.start(LifeSupport.java:507) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
    ... 10 common frames omitted
Caused by: java.io.FileNotFoundException: /usr/local/neo4j-community-2.2.5/data/graph.db/store_lock (Permission denied)
    at java.io.RandomAccessFile.open(Native Method) ~[na:1.7.0_25]
    at java.io.RandomAccessFile.<init>(RandomAccessFile.java:233) ~[na:1.7.0_25]
    at org.neo4j.io.fs.DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.open(DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.java:54) ~[neo4j-io-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
    at org.neo4j.io.fs.DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.open(DefaultFileSystemAbstraction.java:45) ~[neo4j-io-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
    at org.neo4j.kernel.StoreLocker.checkLock(StoreLocker.java:73) ~[neo4j-kernel-2.2.5.jar:2.2.5]
    ... 12 common frames omitted

运行neo4j进程的用户没有对存储文件的写访问权限。

请注意，备份工具仅适用于企业版。在使用社区时，您可以简单地复制存储文件。

Answer 2

在Neo4j社区版中运行备份的唯一干净方法是关闭服务器，并复制data/graph.db文件夹。

在数据库运行时进行复制可能会导致副本不一致。

Neo4j企业版具有neo4j-backup功能，可以在数据库运行时进行一致的备份。这还涉及对所采取的备份进行详细的一致性检查，以保证可恢复性。