安装Python加密错误

Question

在运行pip install cryptography时，我得到了以下结果

pip install cryptography
Downloading/unpacking cryptography
Running setup.py egg_info for package cryptography
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 16, in <module>
  File "/tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/setup.py", line 174, in <module>
    "test": PyTest,
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/dist.py", line 975, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/dist.py", line 995, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "<string>", line 14, in replacement_run
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 254, in find_sources
    mm.run()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 308, in run
    self.add_defaults()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 332, in add_defaults
    sdist.add_defaults(self)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/sdist.py", line 187, in add_defaults
    build_py = self.get_finalized_command('build_py')
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 319, in get_finalized_command
    cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 117, in ensure_finalized
    self.finalize_options()
  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_py.py", line 61, in finalize_options
    _build_py.finalize_options(self)
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/command/build_py.py", line 50, in finalize_options
    ('force', 'force'))
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 305, in set_undefined_options
    src_cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 117, in ensure_finalized
    self.finalize_options()
  File "/tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/setup.py", line 88, in finalize_options
    self.distribution.ext_modules = get_ext_modules()
  File "/tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/setup.py", line 65, in get_ext_modules
    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, padding
  File "cryptography/hazmat/primitives/constant_time.py", line 49, in <module>
    _ffi = cffi.FFI()
  File "/tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/cffi-0.8.6-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/api.py", line 56, in __init__
    import _cffi_backend as backend
ImportError: /tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/cffi-0.8.6-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/_cffi_backend.so: failed to map segment from shared object: Operation not permitted
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
running egg_info

writing requirements to pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/requires.txt

writing pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/PKG-INFO

writing top-level names to pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/top_level.txt

writing dependency_links to pip-egg-info/cryptography.egg-info/dependency_links.txt

warning: manifest_maker: standard file '-c' not found

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<string>", line 16, in <module>

  File "/tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/setup.py", line 174, in <module>

    "test": PyTest,

  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup

    dist.run_commands()

  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/dist.py", line 975, in run_commands

    self.run_command(cmd)

  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/dist.py", line 995, in run_command

    cmd_obj.run()

  File "<string>", line 14, in replacement_run

  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 254, in find_sources

    mm.run()

  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 308, in run

    self.add_defaults()

  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/egg_info.py", line 332, in add_defaults

    sdist.add_defaults(self)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/sdist.py", line 187, in add_defaults

    build_py = self.get_finalized_command('build_py')

  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 319, in get_finalized_command

    cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()

  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 117, in ensure_finalized

    self.finalize_options()

  File "/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/setuptools/command/build_py.py", line 61, in finalize_options

    _build_py.finalize_options(self)

  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/command/build_py.py", line 50, in finalize_options

    ('force', 'force'))

  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 305, in set_undefined_options

    src_cmd_obj.ensure_finalized()

  File "/usr/lib64/python2.6/distutils/cmd.py", line 117, in ensure_finalized

    self.finalize_options()

  File "/tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/setup.py", line 88, in finalize_options

    self.distribution.ext_modules = get_ext_modules()

  File "/tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/setup.py", line 65, in get_ext_modules

    from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import constant_time, padding

  File "cryptography/hazmat/primitives/constant_time.py", line 49, in <module>

     _ffi = cffi.FFI()

  File "/tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/cffi-0.8.6-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/cffi/api.py", line 56, in  __init__

    import _cffi_backend as backend

ImportError: /tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography/cffi-0.8.6-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/_cffi_backend.so: failed to map segment from shared object: Operation not permitted

----------------------------------------
Command python setup.py egg_info failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-root/cryptography
Storing complete log in /root/.pip/pip.log

我猜他们的一些依赖项有问题，我遗漏了什么？

当我运行sudo yum install gcc libffi-devel python-devel openssl-devel来安装所需的依赖项时，我得到了以下结果

sudo yum install gcc libffi-devel python-devel openssl-devel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirror.econdc.com
 * epel: mirrors.coreix.net
 * extras: centos.hyve.com
 * updates: mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net
Setting up Install Process
Package gcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libffi-devel-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package python-devel-2.6.6-52.el6.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package openssl-devel-1.0.1e-16.el6_5.15.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

有没有人对我遗漏的东西有什么建议？

Answer 1

Chroot和重新挂载/tmp是不必要的，因为您使用的是提供此选项(pip help install)的pip：

-b, --build <dir>    Directory to unpack packages into and build in.

只需将其设置为没有noexec的目录即可。

Answer 2

我也遇到了同样的问题，碰巧服务器上的/tmp安装了noexec.，这导致了各种各样的问题。解决这个问题的一种方法是创建一个"chroot“环境，其中包含允许文件执行的"/tmp”目录：

请按照this article的说明了解如何规避此问题。

1. 创建一个包含允许文件执行的"/tmp“目录的"chroot”环境:mkdir -p /root/tmp

mount --bind / /root/chroot

mount --bind /root/tmp /root/chroot/tmp

将/root/chroot

• "chroot“引导到您创建的环境中：

chroot /root/chroot

• At这一点，你在"chroot“环境中，可以运行任何你需要的命令。

运行完成后的instalation

• When，键入以下命令：

出口

卸载/root/chroot -l

Answer 3

在某些系统上，这应该是可行的：

TMPDIR=~/tmp pip install cryptography