blocks|key|2135166|text|The+Java+Virtual+Machine+Specification是Java字节码规范的一个很好的参考。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2135167|参见Chapter+4.+The+class+File+Format和Chapter+6.+The+Java+Virtual+Machine+Instruction+Set。|2135168|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/|1|https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-4.html|2|https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-6.html^0|0|12|0|0|2|W|1|Z|1F|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@$A|S|B|T|1|U]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|V|8|@]|9|@$A|W|B|X|1|Y]|$A|Z|B|10|1|11]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]|P|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|Q]]]]

A good reference for Java bytecode specification is the <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The Java Virtual Machine Specification</a>.

See <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-4.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Chapter 4. The class File Format</a> and <a href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se8/html/jvms-6.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Chapter 6. The Java Virtual Machine Instruction Set</a>.

blocks|key|5154317|text|更“图形化”的解释，IBM+developer+works：Understanding+bytecode+makes+you+a+better+programmer。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|5154318|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/ibm/library/it-haggar_bytecode^0|U|1G|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

A little more "graphic" explanation, IBM developer works: <a href="http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/ibm/library/it-haggar_bytecode" rel="noreferrer">Understanding bytecode makes you a better programmer</a>.

blocks|key|5154295|text|ASM和BCEL等javap反汇编程序和字节码操作框架也很有用，即使您要做的只是验证您的类。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|5154296|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://asm.objectweb.org/|1|http://jakarta.apache.org/bcel/|2|http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/^0|0|3|0|4|4|1|9|5|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]|$A|T|B|U|1|V]|$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]|N|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|O]]]]

Also useful are the <a href="http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/technotes/tools/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">javap</a> disassembler and bytecode manipulation frameworks like <a href="http://asm.objectweb.org/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">ASM</a> and <a href="http://jakarta.apache.org/bcel/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">BCEL</a>, even if all you want to do is verify your classes.

blocks|key|2141575|text|Programming+for+the+Java+Virtual+Machine一书解释了JVM指令集以及如何为其编写代码。它还介绍了一个名为Oolong的字节码汇编程序，我一直无法下载它。但是，您可以使用Jasmin，它是Oolong的前身。实际上，您编写了一个带有指令的文本文件，Jasmin将输出一个.class文件。这本书是在1999年出版的，但它仍然是对VM的一个很好的、温和的介绍。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2141576|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0201309726|1|http://jasmin.sourceforge.net/^0|0|14|0|2V|6|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]|$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]]]

The book <a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0201309726" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Programming for the Java Virtual Machine</a> explains the JVM instruction set and how to write code for it. It also introduces a bytecode assembler called Oolong, which I have not been able to download. You can, however, use <a href="http://jasmin.sourceforge.net/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Jasmin</a>, the predecessor of Oolong. Essentially, you write a text file with instructions and Jasmin will spit out a .class file. The book was published in 1999, but it is still a good and gentle introduction to the VM.

blocks|key|3038304|text|Java+Virtual+Machine+Specification是一个很好的起点。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|3038305|请参阅第4章The+class+File+Format。这些更新涵盖了自第二版发布以来添加的新属性。|3038306|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se5.0/html/VMSpecTOC.doc.html|1|http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se5.0/html/ClassFile.doc.html^0|0|Y|0|0|6|L|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|T|8|@]|9|@$A|U|B|V|1|W]]|C|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|M]]|N|$5|I|J|K|C|$L|O]]]]

The <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se5.0/html/VMSpecTOC.doc.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Java Virtual Machine Specification</a> is a good place to start.

See Chapter 4 <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se5.0/html/ClassFile.doc.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The class File Format</a>. The updates cover new attributes added since the 2nd edition was made.

blocks|key|3038259|text|首先，我建议从您的语言生成Java代码。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|3038260|这将使读取和调试变得更加简单。|3038261|entityMap^0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|G|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|E|$]]

To start with, I suggest generating Java code from your language.

This will make reading and debugging much simpler.

blocks|key|229586|text|也许你可以看看Preon's+example+on+how+to+parse+a+Java+class+file。它相当完整地表示了Java对象模型中的字节码。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|229587|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://github.com/preon/preon/blob/master/preon-samples/preon-sample-bytecode/src/main/java/org/codehaus/preon/sample/bytecode/ClassFile.java^0|7|1D|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Perhaps check out <a href="https://github.com/preon/preon/blob/master/preon-samples/preon-sample-bytecode/src/main/java/org/codehaus/preon/sample/bytecode/ClassFile.java" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Preon's example on how to parse a Java class file</a>. It has a fairly complete representation of the bytecode in a Java object model.

blocks|key|2141614|text|该规范的新版本已经发布：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2141615|The+Java+Virtual+Machine+Specification,+Java+SE+7+Edition|offset|length|2141616|这一新增加的内容确实排除了Java编程语言概念这一章，人们可能会觉得有用，也可能不会觉得有用。有关该规范第二版中的该章节，请参阅here。|2141617|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/index.html|1|http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se5.0/html/Concepts.doc.html^0|0|0|1L|0|0|1S|4|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@$D|T|E|U|1|V]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|W|8|@]|9|@$D|X|E|Y|1|Z]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|10|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]|P|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|Q]]]]

A new version of the specification has been released:

<a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se7/html/index.html" rel="nofollow">The Java Virtual Machine Specification, Java SE 7 Edition</a>

This new addition does exclude the chapter on Java Programming Language Concepts which folks may or may not find useful. See <a href="http://docs.oracle.com/javase/specs/jvms/se5.0/html/Concepts.doc.html" rel="nofollow">here</a> for that chapter in the Second Edition of the spec.

blocks|key|229494|text|这有点专门化，但here是一个关于如何优化生成的字节码以便在JVM上运行的在线演示。它是在最近的JVM+Languages+Summit会议上提出的。InfoQ在那次会议上提供了a+collection+of+presentations，这可能会对想要在JVM虚拟机上提出一种语言(或者想看看已经做了什么)的人有所帮助。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|229495|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.infoq.com/presentations/click-fast-bytecodes-funny-languages|1|http://openjdk.java.net/projects/mlvm/jvmlangsummit/|2|http://www.infoq.com/JVMLanguageSummit^0|8|4|0|1C|K|1|2H|T|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]|$A|T|B|U|1|V]|$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]|N|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|O]]]]

This is a bit more specialized, but <a href="http://www.infoq.com/presentations/click-fast-bytecodes-funny-languages" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a> is an on-line presentation on how to optimize generated bytecode for running on the JVM. It was presented at the recent <a href="http://openjdk.java.net/projects/mlvm/jvmlangsummit/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">JVM Languages Summit</a> conferences. InfoQ has <a href="http://www.infoq.com/JVMLanguageSummit" rel="nofollow noreferrer">a collection of presentations</a> from that conference which might be of help to someone wanting to bring up a language on the JVM (or to see what's already been done).

Is there a nice place for learning the JVM bytecode instruction set. The specification perhaps and maybe some tutorials?

I ask because I would like to design a toy language and a compiler for it that generates JVM bytecode.

Thanks for your knowledge and perhaps googling.

Java bytecode specification

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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有没有学习JVM字节码指令集的好地方？说明书，也许还有一些教程？我之所以这样问，是因为我想设计一种玩具语言，并为它设计一个生成JVM字节码的编译器。感谢你的知识，也许还有谷歌搜索。

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