blocks|key|1982128|text|研究pthread，互斥锁，并尝试实现对你有益的东西。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|1982129|http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialPosixThreads.html|offset|length|1982130|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url^0|0|0|1R|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$D|O|E|P|1|Q]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|R|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|C]]]]

Study regarding pthread, mutexes and try to implement same that will be beneficial for you.

<a href="http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialPosixThreads.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/LinuxTutorialPosixThreads.html</a>

blocks|key|2721021|text|学习多线程编程有两个部分：|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2721022|如何编写多线程applications|2721023|How以使用可用的(Pthread)|unordered-list-item|2721024|ordered-list-item|2721025|2721026|2721027|学习多线程编程更难，这是一篇发表在Linux+Journal上的好文章，它将帮助你理解基本原理。|offset|length|2721028|为了更好地理解pThreads，我建议阅读本教程--+POSIX+Threads+Programming|2721029|还有一本由O‘’rielly写的好书，叫做PThreads+Programming|2721030|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1363|1|https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/pthreads/|2|http://oreilly.com/catalog/9781565921153^0|0|0|0|0|0|0|H|D|0|0|R|P|1|0|L|K|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|14|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|15|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|F|7|16|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|G|3|-4|5|H|7|17|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|I|3|-4|5|6|7|18|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|J|3|-4|5|6|7|19|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|K|3|L|5|6|7|1A|8|@]|9|@$M|1B|N|1C|1|1D]]|A|$]]|$1|O|3|P|5|6|7|1E|8|@]|9|@$M|1F|N|1G|1|1H]]|A|$]]|$1|Q|3|R|5|6|7|1I|8|@]|9|@$M|1J|N|1K|1|1L]]|A|$]]|$1|S|3|-4|5|6|7|1M|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|T|$U|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|Z]]|10|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|11]]|12|$5|V|W|X|A|$Y|13]]]]

Learning multi threading programming has two parts:

<ol>
<li>How to write multi threading applications</li>
<li>How to use the available API (pthread)</li>
</ol>

Learning multi-threaded programming is harder, thre's a good article published in the <a href="http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/1363" rel="noreferrer">Linux Journal</a> that will help you understand the basic principles. 

To better understand pThreads I suggest reading this tutorial - <a href="https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/pthreads/" rel="noreferrer">POSIX Threads Programming</a> 

There is also a good book by O'rielly called <a href="http://oreilly.com/catalog/9781565921153" rel="noreferrer">PThreads Programming</a>

blocks|key|2721152|text|如果您刚开始使用多线程，我的建议是首先回顾并更好地理解系统上的I/O。了解阻塞与非阻塞I/O、信令、异步例程、回调等。I/O可能是将多线程添加到程序中的一个(如果不是主要的)原因。有了这些知识，您就可以拿起一本关于pthread或java线程的书，或者围绕您最喜欢的技术的boost线程库或其他线程库展开讨论。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|2721153|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

If you're getting started with multithreading, my advice would be to first review and better understand I/O on your system. Understand blocking vs. non-blocking I/O, signaling, asynchronous routines, callbacks et cetera. I/O is probably one, if not the primary, reason for adding multithreading to your programs. With that knowledge you can then pick up a book on pthreads or java threads, or wrap your mind around the Boost threads library or another threading library for your favorite technology.

blocks|key|1982139|text|我认为维基百科的文章Multithreading给了你一个快速的概述，通过点击外部链接，你会对这个主题有一个很好的概述。在那之后--或者另外--你可以阅读Tanenbaum的Operating+Systems:+Design+and+Implementation+(顺便说一句，这是一本很棒的书)。但在我看来，最重要的事情是亲手拿到它。因此，只需从...下载示例应用程序。比方说The+Code+Project，或者你能找到的任何网站，都可以使用它。看看如果你使用锁，应用程序有什么不同，或者如果两个线程试图访问相同的资源，会发生什么，以及这种情况发生的频率，等等。通过这些，我认为你会很快掌握它。评估和使用对自己来说是新的技术也是很有趣的。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|1982140|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-threading|1|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_S._Tanenbaum#Books|2|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Code_Project^0|A|E|0|2F|18|1|59|G|2|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@$A|Q|B|R|1|S]|$A|T|B|U|1|V]|$A|W|B|X|1|Y]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|Z|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]|N|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|O]]]]

I think that the Wikipedia article <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-threading" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Multithreading</a> give you a quick overview and by following the external links you'll get a good overview of the topic.
After that - or additionally - you could read Tanenbaum's <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_S._Tanenbaum#Books" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Operating Systems: Design and Implementation</a> (great book by the way).
But the most important thing is - in my opinion - to get your hands on it. So just download a sample application from... let's say <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Code_Project" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The Code Project</a> or whatever website you'll find and play around with it. See how the application differs if you use locks or what happens if two threads try to access the same resource and how often this will occur, etc. 
By that I think you'll get the hang of it pretty quickly. And it's fun to evaluate and play around with techniques that are new to oneself.

blocks|key|2721127|text|可以尝试的其他东西：http://www.threadingbuildingblocks.org|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2721128|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.threadingbuildingblocks.org/^0|A|12|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

Something else to try: <a href="http://www.threadingbuildingblocks.org" rel="nofollow noreferrer">http://www.threadingbuildingblocks.org</a>

blocks|key|4833985|text|我发现这个tutorial内容非常丰富，而且写得很清楚。希望对您有所帮助。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|4833986|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/pthreads/^0|5|8|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|L|8|@]|9|@$A|M|B|N|1|O]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|P|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]]]

I found this <a href="https://computing.llnl.gov/tutorials/pthreads/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">tutorial</a> very informative and clearly-written. Hope it is helpful.

blocks|key|69700|text|也许有一点争议，但当我试图解决一个编码难题时，多线程确实给了我很大的打击。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|69701|这个难题是关于在不使用互斥的情况下编写线程安全的代码。我的第一次尝试是痛苦的，但当我最终得到它时，就像学习骑自行车一样-从那以后我对并发从来没有不确定的感觉。|69702|有时我甚至偶然遇到一些程序员，他们读过关于这个主题的书籍，但却不能理解一些简单的事情，比如一个基本的赋值有时可能不是一个原子操作。|69703|entityMap^0|0|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|H|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|I|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|D|3|E|5|6|7|J|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|K|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$]]

Maybe a bit controversial, but multithreading really cklicked for me when I attempted to solve a coding puzzle once. 

The puzzle was about writing thread safe code without using mutexes. My first attempts were miserable but when I finally got it, it was like learning to ride a bike - I've never felt unsure about concurrency ever since.

Some times I've even stumbled upon programmers who have read books on the subject, but fails to understand simple things like the fact that a primitive assignment may sometimes not be an atomic operation.

blocks|key|2721093|text|如果你想研究细节，可以尝试阅读Advanced+Programming+in+the+UNIX+Environment。或者从Computer+Systems:+A+Programmer's+Perspective开始。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|offset|length|data|2721094|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.kohala.com/start/apue.html|1|http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/^0|F|18|0|1R|18|1|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@$A|O|B|P|1|Q]|$A|R|B|S|1|T]]|C|$]]|$1|D|3|-4|5|6|7|U|8|@]|9|@]|C|$]]]|E|$F|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|K]]|L|$5|G|H|I|C|$J|M]]]]

If you want to study the details try reading <a href="http://www.kohala.com/start/apue.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Advanced Programming in the UNIX Environment</a>.
or start with <a href="http://csapp.cs.cmu.edu/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective</a>.

blocks|key|4833830|text|一切都取决于你的目标。有很多基于POSIX线程框架解决了常见多线程问题的代码和文章(我在这里看到了许多优秀文章的推荐)。主要的问题是你想构建什么。对于某些任务，根本不建议使用多线程。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4833831|这是一本与讨论主题相关的书"Foundations+of+Multithreaded,+Parallel,+and+Distributed+Programming“，我想推荐这本书。它最大的优点是“相对容易阅读”的风格，但没有硬链接到POSIX线程的思想(这是常见的问题)。|offset|length|4833832|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0201357526^0|0|E|1V|0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|N|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|O|8|@]|9|@$D|P|E|Q|1|R]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|-4|5|6|7|S|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|G|$H|$5|I|J|K|A|$L|M]]]]

Everything depends on you goals. There is plenty of code and articles with common multi-threading problems solved based on POSIX threads framework (I see number of recommendations of good articles here). The main question is what do you want to build. For some tasks it is not recommended to go multi-threading at all.

Here is book "<a href="https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0201357526" rel="nofollow noreferrer" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Foundations of Multithreaded, Parallel, and Distributed Programming</a>" which is related to discussed topic and which I'd like to recommend. The most significant advantage of it is 'relatively easy to read' style but no hard linkage to POSIX threads ideology (which is common problem).

blocks|key|4833943|text|既然是UNIX，为什么不从进程和IPC通信开始呢？即消息队列、共享存储器和互斥锁。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4833944|entityMap^0|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|D|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|-4|5|6|7|E|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|C|$]]

since it's UNIX why not start with processes and IPC comms? i.e. message queues, shared memory and mutexes.

blocks|key|4833971|text|研究各种库框架和O/S设施是理解低级并发的好方法。你在那里找到的例子可以让你在很短的时间内开始编写并发代码。|type|unstyled|depth|inlineStyleRanges|entityRanges|data|4833972|在调试通过一些死锁和共享内存损坏问题后，您会发现需要一些工具来推理和分解并发问题。我个人喜欢以Herb+Sutter的The+Pillars+of+Concurrency文章为起点。这样做的目的是为了更好地理解为什么需要并发。您是否在寻找改进的响应时间、并行计算、某种原因的组合？|offset|length|4833973|理解“为什么”会让你有一个更好的“什么”。从那里你可以找到不同的低级方法：Active+Objects，monitor+objects，message+passing，etc。正如您所说，在这个领域有很多需要了解的东西。|4833974|entityMap|0|LINK|mutability|MUTABLE|url|http://www.ddj.com/cpp/200001985|1|http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/Act-Obj.pdf|2|http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_40_0/doc/html/mpi.html|3|http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/monitor.pdf|4|http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/patterns-ace.html#concurrent^0|0|1N|Q|0|0|11|E|1|1G|F|2|1W|F|3|2C|3|4|0^^$0|@$1|2|3|4|5|6|7|X|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]|$1|B|3|C|5|6|7|Y|8|@]|9|@$D|Z|E|10|1|11]]|A|$]]|$1|F|3|G|5|6|7|12|8|@]|9|@$D|13|E|14|1|15]|$D|16|E|17|1|18]|$D|19|E|1A|1|1B]|$D|1C|E|1D|1|1E]]|A|$]]|$1|H|3|-4|5|6|7|1F|8|@]|9|@]|A|$]]]|I|$J|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|O]]|P|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|Q]]|R|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|S]]|T|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|U]]|V|$5|K|L|M|A|$N|W]]]]

Studying various library frameworks and O/S facilities is a good way to understand low-level concurrency. Examples you find there can get you started writing concurrent code in a short amount of time.

After you debug your way through a few deadlocks and shared memory corruption issues, you will find that you need some tools for reasoning about and decomposing your concurrency problems. I personally like Herb Sutter's <a href="http://www.ddj.com/cpp/200001985" rel="nofollow noreferrer">The Pillars of Concurrency</a> article as a starting point. The idea is to better understand why you need concurrency. Are you looking for improved response time, parallel calculation, some combination of reasons?

Understanding the "why" will lead you to a better "what". From there you can always spider out to different low-level approaches: <a href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/Act-Obj.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Active Objects</a>, <a href="http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_40_0/doc/html/mpi.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">monitor objects</a>, <a href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/PDF/monitor.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">message passing</a>, <a href="http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~schmidt/patterns-ace.html#concurrent" rel="nofollow noreferrer">etc</a>. As you said, there is a lot to know in this field.

I am a beginner on Stack Overflow.
I am working on a Unix platform in C/C++.
Knowing basic programming in these regards how could I start with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multithreading" rel="noreferrer">multithreading</a>?

Multithreading seems to be very interesting and I want to grow my knowledge in this regard.

How could I get started with multithreading and what are the best techniques/books/ebooks/articles available to grab the concepts as early as possible?

How do I start to use multithread programming?

翻译质量差，导致语言生硬或混乱。

没有提供实际的解决方法或示例。

解答不清晰，无法理解或解决问题。

页面排版不美观，阅读体验差。

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我是Stack Overflow的初学者。我正在用C/C++在Unix平台上工作。了解这些方面的基本编程知识，如何开始使用多线程似乎非常有趣，我想在这方面增长我的知识。我如何开始使用多线程，有哪些最好的技术/书籍/电子书/文章可以尽早掌握这些概念？

问如何开始使用多线程编程？
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