基于Java的Web应用测试自动化框架

Question

我开始用Java (我熟悉的语言)为我的Web应用程序编写一个测试自动化框架。目前，它完全是在UI上测试。在近期内没有后端/ API测试。

我计划使用Selenium Web Driver。该框架将同时支持功能/集成和性能测试。

我是第一次使用开源解决方案构建(而不是使用像LoadRunner这样的工具)，我的需求是这个框架将与Jenkins/Hudson等持续集成工具和用于报告结果的内部测试管理工具一起工作。

我搜索了这个特定的场景，但没有找到。我知道将会有大量的集成，插件，等等。这是需要建立的。我的问题是，你能提供一些建议(即使是好的阅读也可以)，开始使用开源解决方案构建这个框架吗？

Answer 1

• Selenium将允许您自动执行所有web (浏览器)操作。
• Junit/TestNG作为测试框架，包括用于项目管理和生命周期(包括使用surefire plugin的测试阶段)的默认报告系统
• Maven
• Jenkins是一个很好的集成工具，可以轻松运行

上的设置

祝好运!

Answer 2

我在这里给出了框架函数，它大大减少了代码

public TestBase() throws Exception{
    baseProp = new Properties();
    baseProp.load(EDCPreRegistration.class.getResourceAsStream("baseproperties.properties"));

    // Firefox profile creation
    FirefoxProfile profile = new FirefoxProfile();
    profile.setPreference("network.proxy.type", ProxyType.AUTODETECT.ordinal());
    profile.setPreference("browser.cache.disk.enable", false); 

    profile.setPreference("network.proxy.http", "localhost");
    profile.setPreference("network.proxy.http_port",8080);
    driver = new FirefoxDriver(profile);
    //System.setProperty("webdriver.ie.driver","E:\\Phyweb Webdriver\\IEDriverServer.exe");
    //driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();
    driver.manage().window().maximize();
}

 //To find WebElement by id
  public static WebElement FindElement(String id)
  {
      try
      {
            webElement= driver.findElement(By.id(id));
      }
      catch(Exception e)
      {
          Print(e);
      }
      return webElement;
  }

  //To find WebElement by name
  public static WebElement FindElementByName(String name)
  {
      try
      {
            webElement= driver.findElement(By.name(name));
      }
      catch(Exception e)
      {
          Print(e);
      }
       return webElement;
  }

  //To find WebElement by Class
  public static WebElement FindElementByClass(String classname)
  {
      try
      {
            webElement= driver.findElement(By.className(classname));
      }
      catch(Exception e)
      {
          Print(e);
      }
       return webElement;
  }

//To get data of a cell
public static String GetCellData(XSSFSheet sheet,int row,int col)
{
    String cellData = null;
    try 
    {
        cellData=PhyWebUtil.getValueFromExcel(row, col, sheet);
    }
    catch (Exception e) 
    {
        // TODO Auto-generated catch block
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return cellData;
}

    //To click a button using id
    public static void ClickButton(String id,String label)
    {
        try
        {
                WebElement webElement= FindElement(id);
                Snooze();
                webElement.click();
                PrintMessage(label+" is selected");
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            Print(e);
        }
    }   

            //To click a button using class
            public void ClickButtonByClass(String classname,String label)
            {
                try
                {
                        WebElement webElement= FindElementByClass(classname);
                        Snooze();
                        webElement.click();
                        PrintMessage(label+" is selected");
                }
                catch(Exception e)
                {
                    Print(e);
                }
            }   
     //To enter data into Textbox
     public String editTextField(int rownum, int celnum,WebElement element ,XSSFSheet sheet,String Label)
      {
            XSSFRow row = sheet.getRow(rownum);
            XSSFCell Cell = row.getCell(celnum);
            String inputValue = Cell.getStringCellValue().trim();
            element.clear();//To clear contents if present
            try
            {
                      element.sendKeys(inputValue);
                      String  elementVal=element.toString();
                      if(elementVal.contains("password"))
                      {   
                          PrintMessage("Password is entered");
                      }
                      else
                      {   
                          PrintMessage("Value entered for "+Label+" is "+inputValue);
                      }  
            }
            catch(Exception e){
                Print(e);
                //cv.verifyTrue(false, "<font color= 'red'> Failed due to : </font> "+e.getMessage());
            }
            return inputValue;
      }

    //To enter data into Textbox
     public String editTextFieldDirect(WebElement element ,String text,String label)
      {
            element.clear();//To clear contents if present
            try
            {
                      element.sendKeys(text);
                      String  elementVal=element.toString();
                      if(elementVal.contains("password"))
                      {   
                          PrintMessage("Password is entered");
                      }
                      else
                      {   
                          PrintMessage("Value entered for "+label+" is "+text);
                      }  
            }
            catch(Exception e){
                Print(e);
                //cv.verifyTrue(false, "<font color= 'red'> Failed due to : </font> "+e.getMessage());
            }
            return text;
      }
        //To select Radio button
        public void ClickRadioButton(String id)
        {
            try
            {
                    WebElement webElement= FindElement(id);
                    Snooze();
                    webElement.click();                 
                    text=webElement.getText();          
                    PrintMessage(text+" is selected");
            }
            catch(Exception e)
            {
                Print(e);
            }
        } 

    //To select Link
    public void ClickLink(String id,String label)
    {
        try
        {
                ClickButton(id,label);
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            Print(e);
        }
    } 

  //To Click an Image button
    public void ClickImage(String xpath)
    {
        try
        {
                WebElement webElement= FindElement(id);
                Snooze();
                webElement.click();
                text=GetText(webElement);
                PrintMessage(text+" is selected");
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            Print(e);
        }
    } 

    //Select a checkbox
    public void CheckboxSelect(String id,String label)
    {
        try
        {
                WebElement webElement= FindElement(id);
                Snooze();
                webElement.click();
                PrintMessage("Checkbox "+label+" is selected");
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            Print(e);
        }
    } 

    //To select value in Combobox
    public void SelectData(String id,String label,String cellval)
    {
        try
        {
                WebElement webElement= FindElement(id);
                Snooze();
                webElement.click();
                String elementStr=webElement.toString();
                int itemIndex=elementStr.indexOf("value");
                if(itemIndex>-1)
                {   
                    int endIndex=elementStr.length()-3;
                    String item=elementStr.substring(itemIndex+7, endIndex);
                    if(cellval=="0")
                    {   
                         PrintMessage(item+" is selected for "+label);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        PrintMessage(cellval+"  "+label+" is selected");
                    }
                }   
                else
                {
                    PrintMessage(cellval+" is selected for "+label);
                }
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            Print(e);
        }
    } 

      //To check if WebElement with id exists
      public static boolean isExists(String id) 
      {
          boolean exists = false;
          driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
              try 
              {
                       exists=driver.findElements( By.id(id) ).size() != 0;    
              } 
              catch (Exception e) 
              {
                  Print(e);
             }
              if(exists==true)


               return true;


              else


               return false;
      }

      //To check if WebElement with name exists
      public static boolean isExistsName(String name) 
      {
          boolean exists = false;
          driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
              try 
              {
                       exists=driver.findElements( By.name(name) ).size() != 0;    
              } 
              catch (Exception e) 
              {
                  if(e.getMessage().contains("InvalidSelectorError"))
                  {   
                      System.out.println("");
                  }
                  else
                      Print(e);
             }
              if(exists==true)


               return true;


              else


               return false;
      }

        //Explicit wait until a element is visible and enabled using id
        public void ExplicitlyWait(String id)
          {
              try
              {
                  WebElement myDynamicElement = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                            .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id(id)));
              }
              catch(Exception e)
              {
                  Print(e);
              }
          }

        //Explicit wait until a element is visible and enabled using classname
        public void ExplicitlyWaitByClass(String classname)
          {
              try
              {
                  WebElement myDynamicElement = (new WebDriverWait(driver, 10))
                            .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.className(classname)));
              }
              catch(Exception e)
              {
                  Print(e);
              }
          }

        //Explicit wait until a element is visible and enabled using id
        public void ExplicitlyWaitSpecific(int sec,String id)
          {
              try
              {
                  WebElement myDynamicElement = (new WebDriverWait(driver, sec))
                            .until(ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id(id)));
              }
              catch(Exception e)
              {
                  Print(e);
              }
          }

    //Snooze for 10 seconds
    public static void Snooze()
      {
          try
          {
              driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
          }
          catch(Exception e)
          {
              Print(e);
          }
      }

    //Snooze for Secs
    public static void SnoozeSpecific(int seconds)
      {
          try
          {
              driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(seconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
          }
          catch(Exception e)
          {
              Print(e);
          }
      }

    //Sleep for milliSeconds
    public static void Sleep(int milisec) throws InterruptedException
    {
        Thread.sleep(milisec);
    }

    //To get text using text()
     public static String GetText(WebElement element)
     {
         try
         {  
             text=element.getText();
         }   
         catch(Exception e){


             Print(e);
         }
        return text;
     }

     //To get text using getAttribute("value")
     public static String GetTextAttribute(WebElement element)
     {
         try
         {  
             text=element.getAttribute("value");
         }   
         catch(Exception e){


             Print(e);
         }
        return text;
  }
     //To Print error messages to both Console and Results file
     public static void Print(Exception e)
     {
         Reporter.log("Exception is :"+e.getMessage());
         System.out.println(e);
     }

     //To Print messages to both Console and Results file
     public static void PrintMessage(String str)
     {
         Reporter.log(str);
         System.out.println(str);
     }

    //To Print Blank row
     public static void BlankRow()
     {
         Reporter.log("                                              ");
         System.out.println("                                              ");
     }

    //To Print Sub header
     public static void Header(String str)
     {
         BlankRow();
         Reporter.log("***********************"+str+" Verifications***********************");
         System.out.println("***********************"+str+" Verifications***********************");
         BlankRow();
     }

    //To Print Sub header
     public static void SubHeader(String str)
     {
         BlankRow();
         Reporter.log("-----------------------"+str+" Verifications-----------------------");
         System.out.println("-----------------------"+str+" Verifications-----------------------");
         BlankRow();
     }

Answer 3

只要您有启动框架的命令行，并且使用xunit日志格式进行报告，那么您就可以很好地与任意数量的持续集成框架集成。

在负载下运行浏览器实例的权衡将是每台主机上的虚拟用户更少，以及在负载下非常仔细地检查负载生成器资源。不要忘记在您的框架中包含监控API，用于负载下的系统指标，以及与SLA指标验收相关的自动评估引擎，以确定在给定负载点的负载下失败标准的通过情况。