如何从Python脚本中运行Scrapy

Question

我是Scrapy的新手，我正在寻找一种从Python脚本运行它的方法。我找到了两个来源来解释这一点：

http://tryolabs.com/Blog/2011/09/27/calling-scrapy-python-script/

http://snipplr.com/view/67006/using-scrapy-from-a-script/

我不知道我应该把爬虫代码放在哪里，也不知道如何从main函数调用它。请帮帮忙。以下是示例代码：

# This snippet can be used to run scrapy spiders independent of scrapyd or the scrapy command line tool and use it from a script. 
# 
# The multiprocessing library is used in order to work around a bug in Twisted, in which you cannot restart an already running reactor or in this case a scrapy instance.
# 
# [Here](http://groups.google.com/group/scrapy-users/browse_thread/thread/f332fc5b749d401a) is the mailing-list discussion for this snippet. 

#!/usr/bin/python
import os
os.environ.setdefault('SCRAPY_SETTINGS_MODULE', 'project.settings') #Must be at the top before other imports

from scrapy import log, signals, project
from scrapy.xlib.pydispatch import dispatcher
from scrapy.conf import settings
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue

class CrawlerScript():

    def __init__(self):
        self.crawler = CrawlerProcess(settings)
        if not hasattr(project, 'crawler'):
            self.crawler.install()
        self.crawler.configure()
        self.items = []
        dispatcher.connect(self._item_passed, signals.item_passed)

    def _item_passed(self, item):
        self.items.append(item)

    def _crawl(self, queue, spider_name):
        spider = self.crawler.spiders.create(spider_name)
        if spider:
            self.crawler.queue.append_spider(spider)
        self.crawler.start()
        self.crawler.stop()
        queue.put(self.items)

    def crawl(self, spider):
        queue = Queue()
        p = Process(target=self._crawl, args=(queue, spider,))
        p.start()
        p.join()
        return queue.get(True)

# Usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    log.start()

    """
    This example runs spider1 and then spider2 three times. 
    """
    items = list()
    crawler = CrawlerScript()
    items.append(crawler.crawl('spider1'))
    for i in range(3):
        items.append(crawler.crawl('spider2'))
    print items

# Snippet imported from snippets.scrapy.org (which no longer works)
# author: joehillen
# date  : Oct 24, 2010

谢谢。

Answer 1

所有其他答案参考Scrapy v0.x。根据the updated docs的说法，Scrapy1.0要求：

import scrapy
from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess

class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):
    # Your spider definition
    ...

process = CrawlerProcess({
    'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1)'
})

process.crawl(MySpider)
process.start() # the script will block here until the crawling is finished

Answer 2

简单地说，我们可以使用

from scrapy.crawler import CrawlerProcess
from project.spiders.test_spider import SpiderName

process = CrawlerProcess()
process.crawl(SpiderName, arg1=val1,arg2=val2)
process.start()

在带有全局作用域的爬行器__init__函数中使用这些参数。

Answer 3

虽然我没有尝试过，但我认为答案可以在scrapy documentation中找到。直接引用它：

from twisted.internet import reactor
from scrapy.crawler import Crawler
from scrapy.settings import Settings
from scrapy import log
from testspiders.spiders.followall import FollowAllSpider

spider = FollowAllSpider(domain='scrapinghub.com')
crawler = Crawler(Settings())
crawler.configure()
crawler.crawl(spider)
crawler.start()
log.start()
reactor.run() # the script will block here

据我所知，这是该库的一个新发展，它使一些早期的在线方法(如问题中的方法)过时了。