错误:执行gem时...(Gem::FilePermissionError)

Question

我已经检查了所有其他类似的答案，没有一个与我的完全相同，这些解决方案也没有一个对我有效。

gem environment和sudo gem environment给出了相同的结果：

RubyGems Environment:
  - RUBYGEMS VERSION: 1.5.3
  - RUBY VERSION: 1.8.7 (2011-12-28 patchlevel 357) [x86_64-linux]
  - INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8
  - RUBY EXECUTABLE: /usr/local/bin/ruby
  - EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /usr/local/bin
  - RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
    - ruby
    - x86_64-linux
  - GEM PATHS:
     - /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8
     - /home/ava/.gem/ruby/1.8
  - GEM CONFIGURATION:
     - :update_sources => true
     - :verbose => true
     - :benchmark => false
     - :backtrace => false
     - :bulk_threshold => 1000
  - REMOTE SOURCES:
     - http://rubygems.org/

rvm -v：rvm 1.22.3

ruby -v：ruby 1.8.7

OSX 10.8.4

echo $PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/home/ava/.rvm/bin:/home/ava/bin

gem install <gem-name>给出

ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions into the /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8 directory.

而我可以通过sudo安装相同的软件。我做错了什么？

更新：

根据评论和这个post，我运行了以下命令：

rvm implode，然后重新安装稳定版本。rvm install 1.9.3或任何其他ruby安装都会失败，并显示

Error running '__rvm_make -j24',
please read /home/ava/.rvm/log/log/1378418790_ruby-1.9.3-p194/make.log
There has been an error while running make. Halting the installation.

make.log

    [2013-09-05 22:06:48] make
current path: /home/ava/.rvm/src/ruby-1.9.3-p194
command(2): make -j24
        CC = gcc
        LD = ld
        LDSHARED = gcc -shared
        CFLAGS = -O3 -ggdb -Wextra -Wno-unused-parameter -Wno-parentheses -Wno-long-long -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wpointer-arith -Wwrite-strings -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Werror-implicit-function-declaration  -fPIC
        XCFLAGS = -include ruby/config.h -include ruby/missing.h -fvisibility=hidden -DRUBY_EXPORT
        CPPFLAGS =   -I. -I.ext/include/x86_64-linux -I./include -I.
        DLDFLAGS = -Wl,-soname,libruby.so.1.9
        SOLIBS = -lpthread -lrt -ldl -lcrypt -lm
compiling main.c
compiling dmydln.c
compiling dmyencoding.c
compiling version.c
compiling miniprelude.c
compiling array.c
compiling bignum.c
compiling class.c
compiling compar.c
compiling complex.c
compiling dir.c
compiling dln_find.c
compiling enum.c
compiling enumerator.c
compiling error.c
compiling eval.c
compiling load.c
compiling proc.c
compiling file.c
:
:
:
In file included from ossl.h:213,
                 from ossl_pkcs5.c:5:
openssl_missing.h:71: error: conflicting types for ‘HMAC_CTX_copy’
/usr/local/include/openssl/hmac.h:102: error: previous declaration of ‘HMAC_CTX_copy’ was here
openssl_missing.h:95: error: conflicting types for ‘EVP_CIPHER_CTX_copy’
/usr/local/include/openssl/evp.h:459: error: previous declaration of ‘EVP_CIPHER_CTX_copy’ was here
make[2]: *** [ossl_pkcs5.o] Error 1
In file included from ossl.h:213,
                 from ossl_x509req.c:11:
:
:
:

Answer 1

错误:执行gem时...(Gem::FilePermissionError)您没有/Library/Ruby/Gems/2.3.0目录的写入权限。

1. 安装RVM
2. 在shell资源文件中设置gem文件夹。即.zshrc、.bashrc等

export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem"

gem gem i LIBRARY_NAME安装

Answer 2

要解决错误，请执行以下操作：

错误:执行gem时...(Gem::FilePermissionError)您没有/usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8目录的写权限。

下面的解决方案对我很有效：

sudo gem install -n /usr/local/bin cocoapods

Answer 3

您的全局(系统范围)配置文件可能设置了--no-user-install标志。创建/编辑本地~/.gemrc文件并附加以下行：

:gemdir:
    - ~/.gem/ruby
install: --user-install

便笺

gemdir选项的实际目录将根据您的系统/需要而有所不同；可能需要也可能不需要，但在home文件夹(gemdir)中指定所需的安装目录可能比假定它会自己处理更好。

ArchLinux Wiki提供了一些与此相关的有用/组织良好的信息。

chruby

或者，与已经建议的rvm解决方案类似，您可以尝试使用chruby来维护、配置和使用ruby的本地版本。但是，要安装其他版本的ruby，您需要使用ruby-install。

$ brew install chruby ruby-install
$ ruby-install ruby 2.4.0

$ echo "source /usr/local/opt/chruby/share/chruby/chruby.sh" >> ~/.bash_profile
$ echo "chruby ruby" >> ~/.bash_profile

# Do this to select the default alternative ruby installation, assuming
# there is no other version installed.
$ chruby ruby

## Otherwise, list the available ruby versions installed, and select
$ chruby
ruby-2.3.0
ruby-2.4.0

$ chruby ruby-2.4.0

从项目的自述文件中：

改变了当前的拼音。特性

更新$PATH。还会将RubyGems bin/目录添加到$PATH。正确设置$GEM_HOME和$GEM_PATH。用户：.gem安装在~/.gem/$ruby/$version中。Root: gem直接安装到/path/to/$ruby/$gemdir中。另外设置$RUBY_ROOT、$RUBY_ENGINE、$RUBY_VERSION和$GEM_ROOT。如果给定第二个参数，则可选择设置$RUBYOPT。调用哈希-r以清除命令查找哈希表。红宝石的名字模糊匹配。默认为系统拼音。支持自动切换和.ruby版本文件。支持bash和zsh。小(~100 LOC)。有测试。

反功能

不能挂接cd。不安装可执行的垫片。不需要将Rubies安装到您的主目录中。默认情况下，不会自动切换红宝石。不需要对Ruby目录的写访问权限即可安装gem。

要求

bash >= 3或zsh