Espresso 2升级后测试失败(失败:由于‘java.lang.IllegalAccessError’导致检测运行失败)

Question

在将Espresso升级到版本2之后，我的所有单元测试都不能在预装棒棒糖的设备上运行。请参见下面的跟踪：

15:07:07.627 [WARN] [org.gradle.api.Project] Tests on Samsung Galaxy S3 - 4.3 - API 18 - 720x1280 - 4.3 failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'java.lang.IllegalAccessError'
15:07:07.832 [WARN] [org.gradle.api.Project] 
com.android.builder.testing.ConnectedDevice > hasTests[Samsung Galaxy S3 - 4.3 - API 18 - 720x1280 - 4.3] FAILED 
15:07:07.832 [WARN] [org.gradle.api.Project] No tests found.
15:07:07.834 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.api.Project] DeviceConnector 'Samsung Galaxy S3 - 4.3 - API 18 - 720x1280 - 4.3': uninstalling com.nordstrom.fla.test
15:07:08.252 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.api.Project] DeviceConnector 'Samsung Galaxy S3 - 4.3 - API 18 - 720x1280 - 4.3': uninstalling com.nordstrom.fla
15:07:08.666 [INFO] [org.gradle.api.Project] deleteDir(/Users/graemeharnish/workspace/fla-android/app/build/outputs/reports/androidTests/connected) returned: true
15:07:08.702 [DEBUG] [org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteAtMostOnceTaskExecuter] Finished executing task ':app:connectedAndroidTest'
15:07:08.702 [LIFECYCLE] [class org.gradle.TaskExecutionLogger] :app:connectedAndroidTest FAILED

堆栈跟踪同样没有帮助

* Exception is:
org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskExecutionException: Execution failed for task ':app:connectedAndroidTest'.
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:69)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:46)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.PostExecutionAnalysisTaskExecuter.execute(PostExecutionAnalysisTaskExecuter.java:35)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipUpToDateTaskExecuter.execute(SkipUpToDateTaskExecuter.java:64)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ValidatingTaskExecuter.execute(ValidatingTaskExecuter.java:58)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.execute(SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.java:42)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.execute(SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.java:52)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.execute(SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.java:53)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteAtMostOnceTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteAtMostOnceTaskExecuter.java:43)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask.executeWithoutThrowingTaskFailure(AbstractTask.java:305)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.AbstractTaskPlanExecutor$TaskExecutorWorker.executeTask(AbstractTaskPlanExecutor.java:79)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.AbstractTaskPlanExecutor$TaskExecutorWorker.processTask(AbstractTaskPlanExecutor.java:63)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.AbstractTaskPlanExecutor$TaskExecutorWorker.run(AbstractTaskPlanExecutor.java:51)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskPlanExecutor.process(DefaultTaskPlanExecutor.java:23)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.execute(DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.java:88)

我的gradle依赖项

dependencies {
apt "org.robobinding:codegen:$robobindingVersion"
compile "org.robobinding:robobinding:$robobindingVersion:with-aop"
aspectPath("org.robobinding:robobinding:$robobindingVersion:with-aop")

compile 'org.lucasr.twowayview:twowayview:0.1.4'
compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:21.0.3'
compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:21.0.3'
provided 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.3'
compile 'net.hockeyapp.android:HockeySDK:3.5.0-b.4'
compile 'me.dm7.barcodescanner:zbar:1.5'
compile 'com.squareup.picasso:picasso:2.4.0'
compile 'com.squareup:otto:1.3.5'

compile 'org.apache.commons:commons-lang3:3.0'

compile 'com.nispok:snackbar:2.8.0'

compile 'com.rengwuxian.materialedittext:library:1.8.0'
compile 'com.crittercism:crittercism-android-agent:+'

provided 'org.roboguice:roboblender:3.+'

compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:21.0.+'
compile 'com.melnykov:floatingactionbutton:1.1.0'

compile 'com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9'
compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:21.0.3'

androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1'
androidTestCompile 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.0'

androidTestCompile('org.mockito:mockito-core:1.9.5',
        'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker-mockito:1.1',
        'com.google.dexmaker:dexmaker:1.1')

}

奇怪的是，它可以在5.0设备上运行，没有问题。

Answer 1

当您的应用程序和检测应用程序的测试应用程序具有相同的依赖关系时，较旧的设备在运行测试时会出现问题。

要解决此问题，您必须找出导致问题的依赖项。

在我的案例中，根据javax.inject的不同，它既是标尺，也是浓缩咖啡，这就是它是如何“修复”的：

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0') {
    exclude group: 'javax.inject'
}

如果您包含更多或更奇怪的依赖项，您可能会看看this build.gradle。

使用espresso-contrib时，您可能需要执行以下操作：

androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.0') {
    exclude group: 'javax.inject'
    exclude group: 'com.android.support'
}

Answer 2

当相同的依赖项被多次包含或具有不同的版本时，通常会出现该问题。

我有一个工作项目使用espresso2的api级别的14+与multidex。

检查this SO question。被接受的答案很有帮助。

大多数情况下，使用./gradlew：-q : dependencies可以检查重复的依赖项，或者多次包含不同版本的相同依赖项。

这是我的espresso依赖关系的一个例子，但我不得不改变和排除许多：

....
//Espresso 2
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0') { 
    exclude group: 'com.google.guava'
    exclude module: 'espresso-idling-resource'
}
androidTestCompile('com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1') { 
    exclude group: 'com.google.guava'
    exclude module: 'espresso-idling-resource'
}
testingCompile ('com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-contrib:2.0') {
    exclude group: 'com.google.guava'
    exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
}
// Need to exclude this when running test
androidTestCompile('com.android.support:multidex-instrumentation:1.0.1') {
    exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'multidex' 
}
....

对于每个variant+flavour组合，./gradlew -q :myproject:variant+flavour将为您提供类似以下内容的输出：

_prodTestingTestApk - ## Internal use, do not manually configure ##
+--- com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:2.0
|    +--- com.squareup:javawriter:2.1.1
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:1.1
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
|    +--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:1.1
|    |    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
|    +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1
|    +--- com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1
|    |    \--- junit:junit-dep:4.10
|    |         \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
|    +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:2.0.1
|    +--- javax.annotation:javax.annotation-api:1.2
|    \--- org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:1.1
+--- com.android.support.test:testing-support-lib:0.1 (*)
\--- com.android.support:multidex-instrumentation:1.0.1

Answer 3

在我的测试中，当我在RecyclerView上操作时，我也遇到了类似的问题，通过在build.gradle中添加以下代码解决了这个问题

configurations {
    androidTestCompile.exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'recyclerview-v7'
}

此外，您还可以尝试添加以下排除：

configurations {
    androidTestCompile.exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
} 

所以，我在build.gradle中的configurations看起来像这样：

configurations {
    androidTestCompile.exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-v4'
    androidTestCompile.exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'recyclerview-v7'
} 

这解决了我遇到的两个问题：java.lang.IllegalAccessError: Class ref in pre-verified class resolved to unexpected implementation和java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError。在那之后，我可以在预装棒棒糖的设备上运行测试。