Smalltalk用户定义的子类问题。

Question

我已经创建了一个名为animal的类，并且我想创建这个类的两个子类，我刚刚创建了lynx和rabbit。但是，当我尝试编译程序时，在定义我的第一个动物子类lynx的行上得到以下错误：

Object: #lynx error: did not understand #lynx
MessageNotUnderstood(Exception)>>signal (ExcHandling.st:254)
Symbol(Object)>>doesNotUnderstand: #lynx (SysExcept.st:1407)
UndefinedObject>>executeStatements (newanimal.st:121)
Object: nil error: did not understand #comment:
MessageNotUnderstood(Exception)>>signal (ExcHandling.st:254)
UndefinedObject(Object)>>doesNotUnderstand: #comment: (SysExcept.st:1407)
UndefinedObject>>executeStatements (newanimal.st:123)
newanimal.st:125: key lynx not found
newanimal.st:125: expected Eval, Namespace or class     definition
newanimal.st:134: expected Eval, Namespace or class definition
newanimal.st:137: expected expression

我在定义动物之后定义了lynx子类，它是object的一个子类。下面是这两个类的代码。

Object subclass: #animal .
animal instanceVariableNames: ' animals '.
animal class instanceVariableNames: ' id type '.
animal comment: 'I am the class for all animals' .

animal class extend [
    create: type [
        (animals := nil) ifTrue: [ self init ].
        (type == 'rabbit') ifTrue: [animals := rabbit new] .
        (type == 'lynx') ifTrue: [animals := lynx new] .
        ^ animals .
    ]
    getid ["returns the animals unique id"
        | tempAnimal temp |
        tempAnimal := grid asArray at: 'id' .
        "temp :=  ."
    ]
    getrow: id ["returns the animals grid row"
        | tempAnimal temp |
        grid do: [:each | 
            tempAnimal := grid at: each .
            (tempAnimal at: id == id) ifTrue: [temp:= tempAnimal at: 'row'. ^ temp ] . ]

    ]
    getcol: id ["returns the animals grid col"
        | tempAnimal temp |
        grid do: [:each | 
            tempAnimal := grid at: each .
            (tempAnimal at: id == id) ifTrue: [temp:= tempAnimal at: 'col'. ^ temp ] . ]

    ]
    getdirection: id ["returns the animals movement direction"
        | tempAnimal temp |
        grid do: [:each | 
            tempAnimal := grid at: each .
            (tempAnimal at: id == id) ifTrue: [temp:= tempAnimal at: 'direction'. ^ temp ] . ]
    ]
    setdirection ["sets animals movement direction"
        | direction |
        direction := grid rand .
        ^ direction .
    ]
]
animal extend [
    init [
        animals := Dictionary new.
    ]
]

#animal subclass: #lynx
lynx instanceVariableNames: ' direction '.
lynx class instanceVariableNames: ' lynxdictionary '. 
lynx comment: 'I am the subclass of animal that is lynxs' .

lynx class extend [
    new [
        lynxdictionary := Dictionary new .
        lynxdictionary add: 'type' -> 'lynx' .
        direction := animal setdirection .
        lynxdictionary add: 'direction' -> direction .
        lynxdictionary := grid placerow:lynxdictionary .
        ^ lynxdictionary .
    ]
    act [
        | row col tempAniaml |
    ]
]

Answer 1

对Uko的评论进行扩展：

编译器可能无法分辨出animal是一个类，因为它的名称不是大写的。相反，编译器认为它是一个变量名。该变量看起来未初始化，因此为nil。这就是为什么您会收到消息send #lynx的MessageNotUnderstood异常。

Answer 2

您缺少一个句点：

#animal subclass: #lynx. "<---- added period here"
lynx instanceVariableNames: ' direction '.

您之前的代码：

#animal subclass: #lynx
lynx instanceVariableNames: ' direction '.

可以重写为：

#animal subclass: #lynx lynx instanceVariableNames: ' direction '.

因此出现错误，说明符号#lynx不理解#lynx消息