从C++-CLI调用Fortran

Question

我有一个Fortran子例程FortranShake和一个C++主函数HandShakingTest.cpp。我正在尝试从CLR C++调用Fortran子例程。

我收到两批错误。让我们称它们为ERROR(1)和ERROR(2)。如果您能帮助我理解为什么会发生这些错误，我将不胜感激。

当我尝试使用以下代码进行编译时: cl /clr HandShakingTest.cpp

我得到以下错误(1)：

HandShakingTest.obj : error LNK2028: unresolved token (0A00030A) "extern "C" void __c
ecl FortranShake(int &)" (?FortranShake@@$$J0YAXAAH@Z) referenced in function "int __
lrcall main(cli::array<class System::String ^ >^)" (?main@@$$HYMHP$01AP$AAVString@Sys
em@@@Z)
HandShakingTest.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "extern "C" void __cd
cl FortranShake(int &)" (?FortranShake@@$$J0YAXAAH@Z) referenced in function "int __c
rcall main(cli::array<class System::String ^ >^)" (?main@@$$HYMHP$01AP$AAVString@Syst
m@@@Z)
HandShakingTest.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 2 unresolved externals

然后，我使用以下命令进行编译：

ifort /c FortranShake.f //Which compiles fine
cl /c /clr HandShakingTest.cpp //compiles fine
cl /o test HandShakingTest.obj FortranShake.obj //ERROR(2) occurs

错误(2)包括：

MSVCRT.lib(ti_inst.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: __thiscall type_info::type_info(cla
ss type_info const &)" (??0type_info@@AAE@ABV0@@Z) already defined in LIBCMT.lib(typin
fo.obj)
MSVCRT.lib(ti_inst.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: class type_info & __thiscall type_i
nfo::operator=(class type_info const &)" (??4type_info@@AAEAAV0@ABV0@@Z) already defin
ed in LIBCMT.lib(typinfo.obj)
MSVCRT.lib(merr.obj) : error LNK2005: __matherr already defined in LIBCMT.lib(_matherr
_.obj)
LINK : warning LNK4098: defaultlib 'MSVCRT' conflicts with use of other libs; use /NOD
EFAULTLIB:library
HandShakingTest.obj : error LNK2028: unresolved token (0A00030A) "extern "C" void __cd
ecl FortranShake(int &)" (?FortranShake@@$$J0YAXAAH@Z) referenced in function "int __c
lrcall main(cli::array<class System::String ^ >^)" (?main@@$$HYMHP$01AP$AAVString@Syst
em@@@Z)
HandShakingTest.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "extern "C" void __cde
cl FortranShake(int &)" (?FortranShake@@$$J0YAXAAH@Z) referenced in function "int __cl
rcall main(cli::array<class System::String ^ >^)" (?main@@$$HYMHP$01AP$AAVString@Syste
m@@@Z)
libifcoremt.lib(for_main.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol _MAIN__ refe
renced in function _main
test.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 3 unresolved externals

下面是HandShakingTest.cpp：

#include "stdio.h"
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <Windows.h>
#using <System.DLL>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.DLL>

using namespace std;
using namespace System;
using namespace System::IO;
using namespace System::Diagnostics;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Collections;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

extern "C" {void FortranShake(int&);}

int main(array<System::String ^> ^args)
{
    Process^ testHand = gcnew Process();
    testHand->StartInfo->UseShellExecute = false;
    testHand->StartInfo->RedirectStandardInput = true;
    testHand->StartInfo->RedirectStandardOutput = true;
    testHand->StartInfo->ErrorDialog = true;

    int numDebug = 0;
    String^ returnedDebug = "Nothing";

    FortranShake(numDebug);

    StreamReader^ FromHandProcess = testHand->StandardOutput;
    StreamWriter^ ToHandProcess = testHand->StandardInput;

    String^ Line;

    Line = FromHandProcess ->ReadLine();

    if (Line->Equals("Enter Hand") )
    {
        Console::WriteLine(L"Hand Started!");
    }
    ToHandProcess ->WriteLine(numDebug.ToString());
    returnedDebug = FromHandProcess ->ReadLine();

    MessageBox::Show(returnedDebug);

    return 0;
}

下面是Fortran子例程：

  SUBROUTINE FortranShake(GP_DEBUG)
  IMPLICIT DOUBLE PRECISION (A-H,O-Z)
  INN = 5

  WRITE(06,'(a)') 'Enter Hand'

  READ(INN,*) GP_DEBUG
  GP_DEBUG = GP_DEBUG + 55
  WRITE(06,*) GP_DEBUG

  RETURN
  END

Answer 1

您的第一个错误实际上是一个链接器错误-没有/c命令行开关，您将在一个步骤中编译和链接。未提供Fortran代码或目标代码。

您的第二个错误是因为：

• 您为C++和Fortran指定的运行时库(通过遗漏)不匹配。您需要决定是否要使用静态链接( current的默认设置)(从今天开始，但不一定是从下个月开始...)windows上的英特尔Fortran版本)或动态链接( MS C++编译器的默认设置)。也许将Fortran添加到指定动态linking.
• Without编译器选项或指令的ifort命令行中。相反，由/MD编译器生成的C代码中的Fortran过程的等效标识符是Fortran过程名称的大写变体-即在C++代码中调用过程FORTRANSHAKE。如果您可以按照F2003标准编写Fortran代码，则应该使用该语言(BIND(C,...))的C互操作性功能来控制Fortran过程的C绑定名称，并确保调用约定等一致。
• Fortran子例程的伪参数具有双精度类型说明符，对于这种编译器组合，它等同于C++中的double，而不是int。同样，F2003引入了一些功能，可以使这种参数类型对齐更加健壮。