Microsoft.Web.Administration内存泄漏

Question

拥有一个windows服务，其中包括监视IIS应用程序池。如果任何池具有已配置的应用程序且未运行，则会启动它(池)。这在一段时间内一直运行良好。最近发现该服务正在泄漏内存。查看内存转储，罪魁祸首是用于检查应用程序池的Microsoft.Web.Administration。唯一可以处理的对象是ServerManager，我把它放在using块中。我已经找到了关于这次泄漏的其他报告，但还没有解决方案。(请参阅http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/microsoft.web.administration.servermanager(v=vs.90).aspx#CommunityContent中的用户注释

当转储Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager的所有根(在此转储中为481)时，我只看到其中一个根。假设这是当前迭代。

不确定为什么不能收集这些Web.Administration对象，即使它们似乎不是根对象(？)。你有什么办法堵住这个漏洞吗？

我将代码移到了一个控制台应用程序中，并在那里重现了泄漏。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using Microsoft.Web.Administration;

namespace Web.Administration.LeakExample
{
    public static class ServerManagerExtensions
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Returns the application counts for application pools under the specified ServerManager.
        /// Application pools without applications will not be returned.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="manager"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Dictionary<string, uint> GetPoolApplicationCounts(this ServerManager manager)
        {
            if (manager == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException();
            }

            var appCounts = new Dictionary<string, uint>(manager.ApplicationPools.Count);
            foreach (var app in manager.Sites.SelectMany(site => site.Applications))
            {
                if (!appCounts.ContainsKey(app.ApplicationPoolName))
                {
                    appCounts.Add(app.ApplicationPoolName, 1);
                }
                else
                {
                    appCounts[app.ApplicationPoolName]++;
                }
            }

            return appCounts;
        }
    }

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            while (!Console.KeyAvailable)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Checking App Pools...");

                using (var manager = new ServerManager())
                {
                    var appCounts = manager.GetPoolApplicationCounts();

                    var appPools = manager.ApplicationPools.Where(pool => appCounts.ContainsKey(pool.Name));

                    foreach (
                        var pool in
                            appPools.Where(
                                pool => (pool.State != ObjectState.Started) && (pool.State != ObjectState.Starting)))
                    {
                        var state = pool.Start();

                        if ((state == ObjectState.Started) || (state == ObjectState.Starting))
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("Started app pool \"{0}\"", pool.Name);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            Console.WriteLine("Failed to start app pool \"{0}\". state:{1}", pool.Name, state);
                        }
                    }
                }

                Console.WriteLine("Sleeping...");
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
            }
        }
    }
}

WinDbg会话：

> !dumpheap -stat

606b778c      479         5748 System.Runtime.Remoting.Activation.ConstructionLevelActivator
00472088      480         5760 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2+ValueCollection[[System.String, mscorlib],[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Interop.IAppHostElement, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
00471d5c      480         5760 System.Collections.Generic.SortedList`2+ValueList[[System.String, mscorlib],[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Configuration, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
00194568      481         5772 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program+<>c__DisplayClass3
00198438      480         7680 Microsoft.Web.Administration.Interop.AppHostWritableAdminManager
0047199c      481         7696 System.Linq.Enumerable+<>c__DisplayClassf`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
606cc200      958        11496 System.Char
00471e2c      479        11496 System.Collections.Generic.SortedList`2+SortedListValueEnumerator[[System.String, mscorlib],[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Configuration, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
0047090c      479        11496 System.Collections.Generic.List`1+Enumerator[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Site, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
004706f0      958        11496 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ConfigurationElementCollectionBase`1+<>c__DisplayClass4[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Site, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
00471aec      480        11520 System.Collections.Generic.List`1+Enumerator[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
0047041c      480        11520 System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Site, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
00196d58      480        11520 System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Configuration, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
004715cc      481        11544 System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
0047103c     1437        17244 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ConfigurationElementCollectionBase`1+<>c__DisplayClass4[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Application, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
606ccfc8     1438        17256 System.Int32
00196a58      480        19200 System.Collections.Generic.SortedList`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Configuration, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
0019660c      480        21120 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ConfigurationManager
00471130      958        22992 System.Collections.Generic.List`1+Enumerator[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Application, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
00470d68      960        23040 System.Collections.Generic.List`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Application, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
00198558      480        23040 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Interop.IAppHostElement, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
00196a08      481        23088 Microsoft.Web.Administration.Configuration
00183170      481        23088 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.UInt32, mscorlib]]
606b7574      479        24908 System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.ConstructorCallMessage
00199e7c      479        24908 System.Linq.Enumerable+<SelectManyIterator>d__14`2[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Site, Microsoft.Web.Administration],[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Application, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
00199384      480        28800 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2+Entry[[System.String, mscorlib],[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Interop.IAppHostElement, Microsoft.Web.Administration]][]
00470874      958        30656 System.Predicate`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Site, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
004718a8      962        30784 System.Linq.Enumerable+WhereEnumerableIterator`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
001944d8      481        30784 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager
00195178      963        30816 System.Func`2[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration],[System.Boolean, mscorlib]]
606ccf90      968        31268 System.Int32[]
00197a50      480        32640 Microsoft.Web.Administration.SiteCollection
00194da0      481        32708 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPoolCollection
004719f8     2874        34488 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ConfigurationElementCollectionBase`1+<>c__DisplayClass4[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
0019810c      960        42240 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ConfigurationSection
00471098     1437        45984 System.Predicate`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.Application, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
606cc1c8      961        46638 System.Char[]
001838d0      481        59644 System.Collections.Generic.Dictionary`2+Entry[[System.String, mscorlib],[System.UInt32, mscorlib]][]
606bedd0     5269        63228 System.UInt32
00470a7c      960        69120 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationCollection
00197c60      960        76800 Microsoft.Web.Administration.Site
00197ea8     1440        86400 Microsoft.Web.Administration.Application
00471a54     2874        91968 System.Predicate`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
6067c684     4832       141272 System.Object[]
00195024     2886       196248 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool
606c7b20    16323       261168 System.__ComObject

>.foreach (obj {!dumpheap -mt 001944d8 -short}){!gcroot -all obj}

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+70: 002ef148
            ->  02773270 System.Linq.Enumerable+WhereEnumerableIterator`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
            ->  02772948 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPoolCollection
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+68: 002ef150
            ->  02773270 System.Linq.Enumerable+WhereEnumerableIterator`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
            ->  02772948 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPoolCollection
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+78: 002ef140
            ->  027732c0 System.Linq.Enumerable+WhereEnumerableIterator`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
            ->  02772948 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPoolCollection
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+6c: 002ef14c
            ->  02773270 System.Linq.Enumerable+WhereEnumerableIterator`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
            ->  02772948 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPoolCollection
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+74: 002ef144
            ->  027732c0 System.Linq.Enumerable+WhereEnumerableIterator`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
            ->  02772948 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPoolCollection
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+60: 002ef158
            ->  02772948 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPoolCollection
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+3c: 002ef17c
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+4c: 002ef16c
            ->  027732c0 System.Linq.Enumerable+WhereEnumerableIterator`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
            ->  02772948 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPoolCollection
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+40: 002ef178
            ->  02773270 System.Linq.Enumerable+WhereEnumerableIterator`1[[Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPool, Microsoft.Web.Administration]]
            ->  02772948 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ApplicationPoolCollection
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

    002ef124 003f0359 Web.Administration.LeakExample.Program.Main(System.String[]) [c:\Users\Chuck\Documents\Visual Studio 2012\Projects\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Web.Administration.LeakExample\Program.cs @ 74]
        ebp+50: 002ef168
            ->  02772060 Microsoft.Web.Administration.ServerManager

Found 10 roots.

Answer 1

当我第一次读到这个问题时，我想到的第一件事是，整个问题都可能通过使用Windows Activation Service (WAS)来完全避免。

我第一次浏览您发布的代码时，感觉到您的问题可能与访问/修改由foreach循环创建的各种闭包有关。

尝试这些小重构，看看是否有/all能够减少或消除问题，或者如果失败，提供了有关根本原因的更多信息：

通过调用重用ServerManager对象的immediately

• Instead of

1. 来避免LINQ查询的延迟执行，在循环的每次迭代上创建一个新的
2. 循环，因为您只使用了ApplicationPool.Name，重构如下：

foreach (var app in manager.Sites.SelectMany(site => site.Applications))

要这样做：

foreach (var app in manager.Sites.SelectMany(site => site.Applications, 
   (s, a) => a.Name)
    .ToList())

我的假设是这是正在发生的事情：

在对象引用上调用statement

• Static扩展方法时，会立即在构造internally

• ApplicationPools时再次使用
• ，该IQueryable会立即使用(但不是完全执行-- foreach语句在内部使用yield return )并进行过滤。对.Start()的
• 调用会更改(变异).Start()对象引用的ApplicationPool的状态，而ServerManager对象rest并不相关，因此循环回到开始。它仍然使用相同的ServerManager。由于引用状态发生了变化(由于对.Start()的调用)，它可能会被GC标记且永远不会被收集-该应用程序池永远不会在后续迭代的结果中返回，并可能导致内存中引用的孤立。

这只是一个假设，请记住！

Answer 2

我现在相信这不是真正的泄密。我按照Josh的建议尝试了ToList()方法。这不会影响内存使用率。

我在循环中添加了一个GC.Collect() (仅用于测试)，这样就消除了“泄漏”。我通过内存转储验证了这一点，如果我在堆上没有发现Web.Application对象。这与我在前面的转储中看到的所有只有一个Web.Application对象实际上是根对象的事实不谋而合。其他的没有根深蒂固，等待被收集。

我被.NET垃圾收集器的不确定性质给绊倒了。很抱歉弄出这么大的噪音。

Answer 3

我在这里找到了解决方案：www.tomanderson.me。

建议使用

using (ServerManager sm = ServerManager.OpenRemote("localhost"))
{ /*..*/ }

对我很管用。