从零到一构建高可用微服务架构：基于 Spring Cloud 与腾讯云 TKE 的实战总结

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
    <version>2021.0.5.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId>
    <version>2021.0.5.0</version>
</dependency>

spring:
  application:
    name: user-service
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: ${NACOS_SERVER_ADDR:localhost:8848}
        namespace: ${NACOS_NAMESPACE:public}
      config:
        server-addr: ${NACOS_SERVER_ADDR:localhost:8848}
        file-extension: yaml
        refresh-enabled: true

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class UserServiceApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserServiceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/config")
@RefreshScope
public class ConfigController {

    @Value("${log.level:INFO}")
    private String logLevel;

    @GetMapping("/log-level")
    public String getLogLevel() {
        return "Current log level: " + logLevel;
    }
}

spring:
  cloud:
    gateway:
      routes:
        - id: user-service
          uri: lb://user-service   # 与 Nacos 服务名对应
          predicates:
            - Path=/api/user/**
          filters:
            - name: RequestHeader
              args:
                header: X-Source
                value: gateway
            - name: CircuitBreaker
              args:
                name: userCB
                fallbackUri: forward:/fallback/user

@Component
public class LoggingGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {
    private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoggingGlobalFilter.class);

    @Override
    public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        return chain.filter(exchange).then(
            Mono.fromRunnable(() -> {
                long cost = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
                String path = exchange.getRequest().getURI().getPath();
                log.info("Request to {} cost {} ms", path, cost);
            })
        );
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return -1;
    }
}

@Service
public class OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private UserClient userClient;

    @CircuitBreaker(name = "userBreaker", fallbackMethod = "getDefaultUser")
    public User getUserInfo(Long userId) {
        return userClient.getUserById(userId);
    }

    public User getDefaultUser(Long userId, Throwable t) {
        log.warn("Fallback triggered for userId: {}", userId, t);
        return new User(userId, "default", "unknown@default.com");
    }
}

resilience4j.circuitbreaker:
  instances:
    userBreaker:
      slidingWindowSize: 10
      failureRateThreshold: 50
      waitDurationInOpenState: 10s

# 构建阶段
FROM maven:3.8.6-openjdk-11-slim AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY pom.xml .
RUN mvn dependency:go-offline
COPY src ./src
RUN mvn clean package -DskipTests

# 运行阶段
FROM openjdk:11-jre-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /app/target/*.jar app.jar
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: user-service
  namespace: prod
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: user-service
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: user-service
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: user-service
        image: ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com/myproject/user-service:latest
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
        env:
        - name: NACOS_SERVER_ADDR
          value: "nacos-headless:8848"
        - name: SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE
          value: "prod"
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: "512Mi"
            cpu: "250m"
          limits:
            memory: "1Gi"
            cpu: "500m"
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /actuator/health/liveness
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 30
          periodSeconds: 10
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /actuator/health/readiness
            port: 8080
          initialDelaySeconds: 20
          periodSeconds: 5

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: user-service
  namespace: prod
spec:
  selector:
    app: user-service
  ports:
  - protocol: TCP
    port: 8080
    targetPort: 8080
  type: ClusterIP

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: gateway-ingress
  namespace: prod
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "qcloud"
    qcloud.com/tke-deploy: "true"
spec:
  rules:
  - host: api.myapp.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          service:
            name: gateway-service
            port:
              number: 8080

-javaagent:/opt/skywalking/agent/skywalking-agent.jar
-Dskywalking.collector.backend_service=apm-collector.tke:11800
-Dskywalking.agent.service_name=user-service

apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: user-service-hpa
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: user-service
  minReplicas: 2
  maxReplicas: 10
  metrics:
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: cpu
      target:
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 70

# .gitlab-ci.yml
stages:
  - build
  - deploy

variables:
  IMAGE_TAG: $CI_REGISTRY_IMAGE:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA
  TCR_REGISTRY: ccr.ccs.tencentyun.com

build:
  stage: build
  script:
    - docker build -t $IMAGE_TAG .
    - docker tag $IMAGE_TAG $TCR_REGISTRY/myapp/user-service:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA
    - docker push $TCR_REGISTRY/myapp/user-service:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA
  only:
    - main

deploy:
  stage: deploy
  script:
    - kubectl set image deployment/user-service user-service=$TCR_REGISTRY/myapp/user-service:$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA -n prod
    - kubectl rollout status deployment/user-service -n prod
  only:
    - main