miniqmt如何读取通达信自选股涨跌幅

import os
from xtquant import xtdata


def read_tdx_blk(blk_file_path):
    """
    读取通达信自选股.blk文件，并返回转换后的标准股票代码列表（格式：'000651.SZ'）

    Parameters:
    blk_file_path (str): 通达信自选股ZXG.blk文件的完整路径

    Returns:
    list: 标准格式的股票代码列表，例如 ['000001.SZ', '600000.SH']
    """
    standard_codes = []
    try:
        with open(blk_file_path, 'r', encoding='gbk') as f:  # 通达信文件常用编码
            lines = f.readlines()
        for line in lines:
            tdx_code = line.strip()
            if len(tdx_code) == 7:  # 通达信代码格式为7位（数字前缀+6位代码）
                exchange_prefix = tdx_code[0]
                stock_code = tdx_code[1:7]
                if exchange_prefix == '0':
                    standard_code = stock_code + '.SZ'  # 深交所
                elif exchange_prefix == '1':
                    standard_code = stock_code + '.SH'  # 上交所
                elif exchange_prefix == '2':
                    standard_code = stock_code + '.BJ'  # 北交所
                else:
                    standard_code = None
                if standard_code:
                    standard_codes.append(standard_code)
        print(f"成功从 {blk_file_path} 读取 {len(standard_codes)} 只自选股")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"读取自选股文件出错: {e}")
    return standard_codes


def get_stock_name(full_code):
    """
    通过QMT API根据股票代码获取对应的股票名称

    Parameters:
    full_code (str): 标准格式的股票代码，例如 '000001.SZ'

    Returns:
    str: 股票名称，如果获取失败则返回"未知证券"
    """
    if not isinstance(full_code, str) or '.' not in full_code:
        return "未知证券"

    stock_name = "未知证券"
    try:
        instrument_detail = xtdata.get_instrument_detail(full_code)
        if instrument_detail and isinstance(instrument_detail, dict):
            stock_name = instrument_detail.get('InstrumentName', "未知证券")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"获取证券名称失败（QMT API错误）: {e}")
    return stock_name


def get_realtime_stock_info(stock_list):
    """
    获取指定股票列表的实时行情信息（名称、涨跌幅、最新价）

    Parameters:
    stock_list (list): 标准格式的股票代码列表，例如 ['000001.SZ', '600000.SH']

    Returns:
    dict: 包含股票实时信息的字典
    """
    if not stock_list:
        return {}

    # 订阅实时行情
    for stock_code in stock_list:
        xtdata.subscribe_quote(stock_code, period='tick', count=1)

    # 等待数据更新
    import time
    time.sleep(3)

    # 获取实时数据
    realtime_data = {}
    for stock_code in stock_list:
        try:
            tick_data = xtdata.get_full_tick([stock_code])
            print(tick_data)
            if tick_data and stock_code in tick_data:
                tick_info = tick_data[stock_code]
                last_price = tick_info.get('lastPrice', 0)
                pre_close = tick_info.get('lastClose', 1)
                print(last_price)
                print(pre_close)
                # 计算涨跌幅
                if pre_close and pre_close != 0:
                    change_percent = (last_price - pre_close) / pre_close * 100
                else:
                    change_percent = 0

                # 获取股票名称
                stock_name = get_stock_name(stock_code)

                realtime_data[stock_code] = {
                    'name': stock_name,
                    'change_percent': round(change_percent, 2),
                    'last_price': round(last_price, 3)
                }
            else:
                print(f"未能获取 {stock_code} 的实时数据")
                realtime_data[stock_code] = None
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"获取 {stock_code} 实时数据时出错: {e}")
            realtime_data[stock_code] = None

    return realtime_data


def main():
    """
    主函数：读取自选股并获取实时行情
    """
    # 1. 设置通达信自选股文件路径（请根据你的实际路径修改）
    tdx_blk_path = r"D:\lwj\new_tdx\T0002\blocknew\zxg.blk"  # 通达信自选股文件路径

    # 2. 读取自选股代码
    stock_list = read_tdx_blk(tdx_blk_path)
    if not stock_list:
        print("未读取到自选股代码，请检查文件路径")
        return

    print(f"自选股列表: {stock_list}")

    # 3. 获取实时行情数据
    print("\n开始获取实时行情数据...")
    realtime_info = get_realtime_stock_info(stock_list)

    # 4. 打印结果
    print("\n实时行情信息:")
    print("-" * 60)
    for code, info in realtime_info.items():
        if info:
            print(
                f"{code} {info['name']:>10} | 涨跌幅: {info['change_percent']:>6.2f}% | 最新价: {info['last_price']:>6.3f}")
        else:
            print(f"{code} | 数据获取失败")
    print("-" * 60)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()