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import rere.search经常用match = re.search(pat, str)的形式。因为有可能匹配不到,所以re.search()后面一般用if statement。
str = 'an example word:cat!!'
match = re.search(r'word:\w\w\w', str)
if match:
print 'found', match.group() ## 'found word:cat'
else:
print 'did not find'found word:cat# re.search return a match object, which contains lots of info
print type(match)<type '_sre.SRE_Match'>print match.string # source string
print match.group()
print match.start() # position of w
print match.end() # position of t
print match.endpos # position of last !
print match.span()an example word:cat!!
word:cat
11
19
21
(11, 19)re.matchre.match和re.search很相似,只是re.match是从字符串的开头开始匹配。
s = 'python tuts'
match = re.match(r'py',s)
if match:
print(match.group())pys = 'python tuts'
match = re.search(r'^py',s)
if match:
print(match.group())py‘+’ 一或多次, ‘*’ 零或多次, ‘?’ 零或一次
[] # 提取email address
string = 'purple alice-b@gmail.com monkey dishwasher'
match = re.search(r'\w+@\w+', string)
if match:
print match.group() ## 'b@google'b@gmail[]类似于or
Square brackets can be used to indicate a set of chars, so [abc] matches 'a' or 'b' or 'c'.
match = re.search(r'[\w.-]+@[\w.-]+',string)
if match:
print match.group()alice-b@gmail.comGroup Extraction圆括号() 有时候需要提取匹配字符的一部分,比如刚才的邮箱,我们可能需要其中的username和hostname,这时候可以用()分别把username和hostname包起来,就像r'([\w.-]+)@([\w.-]+)',如果匹配成功,那么pattern不改变,只是可以用match.group(1)和match.group(2)来username和hostname,match.group()结果不变。
string = 'purple alice-b@google.com monkey dishwasher'
match = re.search(r'([\w\.-]+)@([\w\.-]+)',string)
if match:
# Return subgroup(s) of the match by indices or names.
print match.group() # or match.group(0)
print match.group(1)
print match.group(2)
if match:
# Return a tuple containing all the subgroups of the match, from 1.
print match.groups()alice-b@google.com
alice-b
google.com
('alice-b', 'google.com')findall and groups ()和findall()结合,如果包括一或多个group,就返回a list of tuples。
str = 'purple alice@google.com, blah monkey bob@abc.com blah dishwasher'
tuples = re.findall(r'([\w\.-]+)@([\w\.-]+)', str)
print tuples # [('alice', 'google.com'), ('bob', 'abc.com')]
for tuple in tuples:
print tuple[0] # username
print tuple[1] # host[('alice', 'google.com'), ('bob', 'abc.com')]
alice
google.com
bob
abc.com给re.search加^之后是一样的。
re.subre.sub(pat, replacement, str)在str里寻找和pattern匹配的字符串,然后用replacement替换。replacement可以包含\1或者\2来代替相应的group,然后实现局部替换。
# replace hostname
str = 'alice@google.com, and bob@abc.com'
#returns new string with all replacements,
# \1 is group(1), \2 group(2) in the replacement
print re.sub(r'([\w\.-]+)@([\w\.-]+)', r'\1@yo-yo-dyne.com', str)alice@yo-yo-dyne.com, and bob@yo-yo-dyne.com